---
title: "Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos) - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos): Uni&oacute;n Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El consumidor vegetariano &eacute;tico (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos) IVU News - Issue 3 - 1998 - English Un historial de"
url: "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5887-spanish-news-3-98-ethical.html"
date: "2026-11-06T00:07:41+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos)

**Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU)** | ![IVU logo](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/members/pics/ivu-con4.gif) |  |
|---|---|
 | **El consumidor vegetariano ético**    (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos)    [**IVU News - Issue 3 - 1998**](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5891-spanish-news-3-98-index.html) - [*English*](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5518-news-3-98-ethical.html)  **Un historial de injusticia y explotación**   Durante siglos todos los seres vivos padecieron conjuntamente los avatares de la vida y las condiciones de esclavitud, servidumbre y explotación impuestas por sus amos y dueños. Con la evolución del pensamiento la sociedad asumió el concepto de “derechos humanos” como la adquisición de unos derechos divinos que propiciaron el inicio de una revolución social que trajo consigo el distanciamiento progresivo entre los seres humanos, los animales y su entorno común, sellándose una alianza nefasta entre las capas socialmente dominantes y las clases menos privilegiadas que ha logrado afianzar y generalizar la explotación despiadada y desenfrenada de otras especies y el medio vital que les sustenta. | ![dog on a plate](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/news/3-98/dogplate.jpg)    *Comer con conciencia permite disfrutar de la vida y dejar a otros vivir (Foto [VegSocUK](http://www.vegsoc.org/))* **La atracción del dinero: una relación incestuosa con la vida** La revolución industrial abrió el camino a una sociedad de consumo que prometía satisfacer de modo instantáneo los deseos más frívolos y la recompensa de bienes materiales sin contar a menudo en absoluto el coste social, humanitario y medioambiental de nuestros hábitos de consumo. Una mayor autonomía y una mejor situación económica han permitido el desarrollo de una mentalidad adquisitiva guiada por intereses partidistas egoístas y personales que nos incitan a actuar como agentes voluntarios al servicio del status quo económico, dependiente, como la vida misma, de unos intereses puramente mercantilistas y unas reglas determinadas por la avaricia y los prejuicios humanos.   Con la complicidad y colaboración de los profesionales y consejeros de economía, medicina y nutrición: doctores, gurus, políticos y religiosos garantes del orden social, se logra convencer a los consumidores ingenuos y excépticos a abandonar cualquier reticencia a doblegarse ante el status quo establecido. Quienes cuestionan el afán de lucro anteponiendo sus criterios éticos y humanitarios son tratados como verdaderos parias por una sociedad que pone precio a cualquier deseo o capricho humano, incluso a costa de la vida y el terrible sufrimiento de unos seres tan sensibles como nosotros.   **Los animales como herramientas y piezas de recambio**   La domesticación de los animales —considerada como uno de los mayores logros de la humanidad— ha conducido a una degradante, vergonzosa y peligrosa manipulación y clonación de los animales para patentar y comercializar sus vidas. Un rinoceronte, un elefante, un tigre, un pollo, una vaca, un cerdo o un pez son seres sensibles con un valor económico asignado que les priva de libertad para evolucionar como individuos, viéndose sometidos a todo tipo de vejaciones y malos tratos antes de perder la vida insensatamente por unos trozos de carne o algún trofeo o “souvenir” obtenido de sus despojos para satisfacer la demanda de unos consumidores insensibles, tan incapaces de definir sus verdaderas necesidades como de solidarizarse con esos seres que vivieron, respiraron y debieron compartir un planeta que no nos pertenece.   La ignorancia egoísta que nos impide dar a los animales la consideración y el respeto debidos demuestra unas limitaciones éticas y un sentido distorsionado de la estética que nos descalifica como consumidores responsables y como seres humanos. Pretender resolver los problemas de paro o el hambre mundial a través de la violencia racista o mediante reproducción masiva de animales es tan monstruoso como descabellado. Defender el derecho a llevar armas y apoyar la pena de muerte, o defender el supuesto derecho a cazar o pescar, son ejemplos que manifiestan una falta evidente de sentido común y de solidaridad, tan escandalosamente irracionales y anacrónicos como una “corrida de beneficencia”, cuya recaudación se dedica supuestamente a socorrer enfermos y necesitados.   **Una ideología demencial y peligrosa**   Tales actitudes ignorantes y discriminatorias —basadas en una ideología de supremacía superada que aplica diferentes valores a individuos con cualidades comparativamente similares a las de otras especies o grupos étnicos— son una fuente interminable de conflictos y violencia, tanto en periodo de paz como en tiempo de guerra, cuando se prescinde finalmente de cualquier tipo de restricción legal para proteger y resaltar la superioridad de unos humanos sobre otros y cualquiera puede resultar legal e indiscriminadamente mutilado o muerto por unas armas que supuestamente sirven para defendernos de nosotros mismos.   **El equilibrio a través del comercio justo: una perspectiva vegetariana**   La llegada del comercio justo y la creciente preocupación por las minorias étnicas, los grupos nativos y el medioambiente es un paso significativo que nos permite racionalizar nuestra dependencia y afinidad común con los demás y el medio natural. Sin embargo, para actuar responsable y humanamente debemos aprender a respetar y valorar la vida en general como un fenómeno único y maravilloso, e identificar y rechazar los productos alimenticios que impliquen crueldad y violencia a cualquier ser vivo.   Una aportación significativa del vegetarianismo es la oportunidad que nos ofrece de redefinir nuestras relaciones y hábitos de consumo, así como nuestras necesidades físicas y espirituales, despertando en nosotros una empatía natural por la vida al descubrir nuestra afinidad por los alimentos no violentos idealmente adaptados para nuestro consumo. El amor que damos y recibimos es como el agua que bebemos o el aire que respiramos: al ser nuestro equilibrio emocional tan importante como los elementos naturales que nos alimentan físicamente.   **La formación de un consumidor ético: un tema de salud y solidaridad**   La vida como la muerte es oportunista y requiere unas condiciones muy específicas para desarrollarse libre de enfermedades. Del mismo modo, la buena salud dependerá de mantener una relación satisfactoria y armoniosa con los demás y todo aquello con lo cual nos podamos identificar.   El mejor modo de expresar nuestra solidaridad y nuestro compromiso más sincero con todos los seres vivos es lograr asumir un estilo de vida responsable. La única forma de frenar el horror insensato y la destrucción masiva de infinidad de millones de seres sensibles es lograr el cese de su explotación y consumo.   Para merecer la solidaridad y el respeto social es esencial asumir una mayor responsabilidad personal y estar mejor informados sobre el impacto positivo o perjudicial de nuestros hábitos de consumo a nivel animal, humano, y medioambiental. Sólo así podremos definir como verdadera nuestra afinidad natural por los alimentos y satisfacer nuestras auténticas necesidades utilizando solamente productos o artículos obtenidos y testados éticamente que sean respetuosos con la vida y el medioambiente.  \--- [***Francisco Martín***](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/4303-members-council-francisco-martin.html)  - **Filosofía/Ética** - más artículos del Indice de Artículos   ---   Toda contribución a IVU News será bienvenida. El material publicado no refleja necesariamente las opiniones del editor o la postura de la Unión Vegetariana Internacional. ---      A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1417    ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20653_39d4592b0adc5fce51e5fb0bf3061f88.jpg "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-mushroom-balls.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS")           ####  [VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-mushroom-balls.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS")            [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) - [![Green Lentil Salad (Azifa)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/green-lentil-salad--azifa--1776101463_40e0d32a93ed40c90def968f465dfee0.jpg "Green Lentil Salad (Azifa)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/green-lentil-salad-azifa.html "Green Lentil Salad (Azifa)")           ####  [Green Lentil Salad (Azifa)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/green-lentil-salad-azifa.html "Green Lentil Salad (Azifa)")            [Protein Rich](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/proteiin-rich.html) [Ethiopia](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/ethiopian.html) [salads](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/salads.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![Quentão - Brazilian Mulled Wine](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/quent--o---brazilian-mulled-wine-1793586510_16ac14414d3b1646b4474042bee75ac3.jpg "Quentão - Brazilian Mulled Wine")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/quentao-brazilian-mulled-wine.html "Quentão - Brazilian Mulled Wine")           ####  [Quentão - Brazilian Mulled Wine](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/quentao-brazilian-mulled-wine.html "Quentão - Brazilian Mulled Wine")            [Beverage](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/beverage.html) [Brazil](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/brazil.html) [Drinks](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/drinks.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![Tofu: The Amazing Superfood That Will Change Your Vegan Diet Forever!](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/tofu_block_c93b133c438b51e4c2e14c5e8c30c315.jpg "Tofu: The Amazing Superfood That Will Change Your Vegan Diet Forever!")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/tofu-the-amazing-superfood-that-will-change-your-vegan-diet-forever.html "Tofu: The Amazing Superfood That Will Change Your Vegan Diet Forever!")           ####  [Tofu: The Amazing Superfood That Will Change Your Vegan Diet Forever!](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/tofu-the-amazing-superfood-that-will-change-your-vegan-diet-forever.html "Tofu: The Amazing Superfood That Will Change Your Vegan Diet Forever!")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/tofu-the-amazing-superfood-that-will-change-your-vegan-diet-forever.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                                ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html)       ### Departments  - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html)     - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html)       ### Regions  - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - [Contacts](https://ivu.org/contact-ivu.html)       ### Blogs  - [Cynthia Schuck](https://ivu.org/cynthia-schuck.html) - [John Davis](https://ivu.org/john-davis.html) - [Marly Winckler](https://ivu.org/marly-winckler.html) - [Vegan Food Academy](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page.html) - [Login](https://ivu.org/login-2.html) |

## Schema

```json
{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5887:spanish-news-3-98-ethical&catid=282","url":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5887:spanish-news-3-98-ethical&catid=282","name":"Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos)","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":[{"@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html#archive"},{"@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=4303:members-council-francisco-martin&catid=208"}],"publisher":{"@id":"https://ivu.org/#organization"},"description":"Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos) IVU News - Issue 3 - 1998 - English Un historial de injusticia y explotación…"}]}
```

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
    "itemListElement": [
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 1,
            "name": "Home",
            "item": "https://ivu.org"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 2,
            "name": "IVU",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 3,
            "name": "Resources",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 4,
            "name": "Interviews",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 5,
            "name": "History of the Vegetarian Societies",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 6,
            "name": "spanish",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 7,
            "name": "news",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 8,
            "name": "3-98",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews.html"
        },
        {
            "@type": "ListItem",
            "position": 9,
            "name": "Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos)",
            "item": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5887-spanish-news-3-98-ethical.html"
        }
    ]
}
```

```json
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Article",
    "mainEntityOfPage": {
        "@type": "WebPage",
        "@id": "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5887-spanish-news-3-98-ethical.html"
    },
    "headline": "Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos)",
    "description": "Vegetarian News - El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos): Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El consumidor vegetariano ético (una revisión de los hábitos de consumo negativos) IVU News - Issue 3 - 1998 - English Un historial de",
    "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "International Vegetarian Union",
        "logo": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://ivu.org/images/logos/logo-ivu-tranparent-background.png"
        }
    },
    "author": {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Alex Fernandes",
        "url": "https://ivu.org/international-council.html"
    },
    "datePublished": "2026-06-30T23:44:21+00:00",
    "dateCreated": "2026-06-25T01:40:03+00:00",
    "dateModified": "2026-10-08T00:56:20+00:00"
}
```
