--- title: "The photograph below shows Gandhi seated at the front to our right, but - IVU - International Vegetarian Union" description: "The photograph below shows Gandhi seated at the front to our right, but: it is the subject of some confusion. Gandhiserve.org states that it is the Committee of the London Vegetarian Society (LVS) in 1890, they also state that Gandhi joined the Society, and joined the Committee, on September 19," url: "https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2521-history-gandhi-index.html" date: "2026-11-05T23:54:38+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- # The photograph below shows Gandhi seated at the front to our right, but | The photograph below shows Gandhi seated at the front to our right, but it is the subject of some confusion. Gandhiserve.org states that it is the Committee of the [London Vegetarian Society](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2896-history-vfu-lva.html) (LVS) in 1890, they also state that Gandhi joined the Society, and joined the Committee, on September 19, 1890. ![](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/history/vfu/gandhi-1890.jpg) The Vegetarian Society's May Meetings, held at Portsmouth, in 1891. Back row (l-r): Rev. James Clark, E. Dolby Shelton, W. Chudley, William Harrison, Peter Foxcroft. Middle row (l-r): Miss May Yates, G. Cosens Prior, Mrs. William Harrison and Mrs. Peter Foxcroft. Front row (l-r): T.T. Mozumdar, Josiah Oldfield, Mohandas K. Gandhi *(From: The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review of September 1936.)* Gandhi stated in *The Vegetarian* (interview published June 20, 1891) that "I may be said to have known the L.V.S." from the [International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html), held in London, 11-13 September 1890. He also said that he had been reading *The Vegetarian* (London) for "a year and a half" (*ie* late 1889) and the *Vegetarian Messenger* (Manchester) for some time before that. It is possible that he was co-opted onto the LVS Committee on Sept 19, but the LVS AGM was on January 9, 1891, and it is possible that he was elected to the Committee on that date (precise details seem to have been lost). The only reference in *The Vegetarian* to a photograph including Gandhi was after the meetings in Portsmouth on May 6, 1891 (it was not reproduced in the newspaper but a detailed account of it being taken - outdoors - was given). That report stated that the picture included two Indians, the other beng Gandhi's friend Mr. Mozumdar. The others are probably the delegates and speakers from the conference, not the full LVS Committee (if it was the LVS Committee then Mr. Arnold Hills would have been centre stage). In February 1891 Gandhi started writing articles for *The Vegetarian*, a weekly newspaper published independently of LVS but in close connection with it (this is also more consistent with his having joined the Committee in January rather than the previous September). The articles below are reproduced from *The Vegetarian*, courtesy of the library of the Vegetarian Society UK (*publication dates are in italics after each article.*). ![](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/history/gandhi/gandhi-1891.jpg) *Photo from The Vegetarian, June 13, 1891. No indication was given of when it was taken, but probably when he was called to the bar a week earlier, age 21* - ([Leo Tolstoi](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2809-history-tolstoy-1889.html) - including his views on non-violence and passive resistance - *December 21, 1889 - published around the time that Gandhi says he started reading The Vegetarian . . .) articles by or about Gandhi:* - [Indian Vegetarians](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2498-history-gandhi-1891-1.html) - part I, *February 7, 1891* - [Indian Vegetarians](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2504-history-gandhi-1891-2.html) - part II, *February 14, 1891* - [Indian Vegetarians](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2505-history-gandhi-1891-3.html) - part III, *February 21, 1891* - [Indian Vegetarians](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2506-history-gandhi-1891-4.html) - part IV, *February 28, 1891* - [Indian Vegetarians](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2507-history-gandhi-1891-5.html) - part V, *March 7, 1891* - [Editorial comment about Gandhi ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2508-history-gandhi-1891-6.html)- *March 14, 1891* - [Indian Shepherds](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2509-history-gandhi-1891-7.html) - part VI, *March 14, 1891* - [Some Indian Festivals - Divali](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2510-history-gandhi-1891-8.html) - *March 28, 1891* - [Some Indian Festivals - Holi](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2511-history-gandhi-1891-9.html) - *April 25, 1891* - [Extracts of reports from the Portsmouth Meetings on May 5/6](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2499-history-gandhi-1891-10.html) - *May 9 and 16, 1891* - [The Foods of India](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2503-history-gandhi-1891-14.html) - text of his talk at Portsmouth, May 6, 1891 - *published June 1891 in the Vegetarian Messenger (Manchester).* - [Editorial comment about Gandhi leaving England, and report of the farewell dinner](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2500-history-gandhi-1891-11.html) - *June 13, 1891* - [Our Workers - (an extensive interview with Gandhi, part 1)](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2501-history-gandhi-1891-12.html) - *June 13, 1891* - [Mr. Gandhi's Narrative (concluded)](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2502-history-gandhi-1891-13.html) - *June 20, 1891* - [On my way home again to India](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2512-history-gandhi-1892-1.html) *- April 9, 1892* - [On my way home again to India (concluded)](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2513-history-gandhi-1892-2.html) *- April 16, 1892* - [English Misrule in India](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2514-history-gandhi-1893-1.html) *- July 29, 1893* - [To Indians in England (from South Africa)](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2515-history-gandhi-1894-1.html) *- April 28, 1894* - [A Band of Vegetarian Missionaries, and their work in South Africa](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2516-history-gandhi-1895-1.html) *- May 18, 1895 (mostly about the Trappist monastery, and showing very clearly where Gandhi got his ideas for the later Ashram 'Tolstoy Farm')* - [Vegetarianism in Natal](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2517-history-gandhi-1895-2.html) *- December 21, 1895* - [Vegetarianism - copy of a letter to the Editor of the Natal Mercury](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2518-history-gandhi-1896-1.html) *- March 28, 1896* - [Facts for Emigrants to South Africa](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2519-history-gandhi-1903.html) *- April 25, 1903* *From other sources:* - [Mahatma Gandhi’s early days in England (+ Timetable of Gandhi's Life)](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5668-news-evu-other-gandhi1.html) - ***Italiano** [I primi tempi del Mahatma Gandhi in Inghilterra ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/6534-italian-news-evu-other-gandhi1.html)* ![](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/history/gandhi/gandhi3.jpg) - [Moral Basis of Vegetarianism ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/3908-congress-wvc57-souvenir-gandhi2.html)- *- from the 1957 IVU Congress souvenir book* (same as below but different pictures) - [The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/5669-news-evu-other-gandhi2.html) - Speech delivered by Gandhi at a Social Meeting organised by the London Vegetarian Society, 20 November 1931 (*the photo right, shows Gandhi seated next to Mr. Henry Salt - one of those in the Portsmouth photo above - at this meeting*) - ***Español:*** *[Gandhi: La Base Moral del Vegetarianismo](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/6675-spanish-news-evu-other-gandhi2.html)* - ***Italiano** [Gandhi: La base morale del vegetarismo](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/6535-italian-news-evu-other-gandhi2.html)* > - **[A guide to health](http://www.archive.org/stream/guidetohealth00gandrich#page/ii/mode/2up)** *(link to archive.org)* - M. K. Gandhi, 1921 - **An Autobiography or The story of my experiments with truth** (complete book PDF 2mb) - M. K. Gandhi, 1925 - **A Quest For Gandhi** *(PDF 15mb)* by Reginald Reynolds, 1952. Personal account of the ashrams. - [**The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism**](https://ivu.org/media/legacy/history-documents/history/gandhi/the_moral_basis_of_vegetarianism.pdf) (PDF 144k) - a compilation published in India in 1959 - **The Essential Gandhi** *(PDF 27mb)* an anthology of Gandhi's writing edited by Louis Fisher, New York, 1962 - [Vegetarian Experiments](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/3907-congress-wvc57-souvenir-gandhi1.html), M. K. Gandhi, From Gandhiji's Autobiography *- from the 1957 IVU Congress souvenir book* - [Experiments with Truth](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2520-history-gandhi-experiments.html) *- Some aspects on the life and thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi* - ***Italiano** [Esperimenti con la verità](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/6519-italian-history-gandhi-experiments.html)* - [Vegetarianism: The Road to Satyagraha](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/2522-history-gandhi-road.html) - ***Español:*** *[Vegetarianism: The Road to Satyagraha](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/interviews/6655-spanish-history-gandhi-road.html)* - **Books & videos by and about Ganhdi** - [Mahatma Gandhi, Research and Media Service](http://www.gandhiserve.org/) - external link to comprehensive site **Quotes:** I do not regard flesh-food as necessary for us at any stage and under any clime in which it is possible for human beings ordinarily to live. I hold flesh-food to be unsuited to our species. We err in copying the lower animal world - if we are superior to it. - *Mahatma Gandhi, his Mission and Message* I hold today the same opinion as I held then. To my mind, the life of a lamb is no less precious than that of a human being. I should be unwilling to take the life of a lamb for the sake of the human body. I hold that, the more helpless a creature, the more entitled it is to protection by man from the cruelty of man. - *An Autobiography, the Story of My Experiments* The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Vivisection is the blackest of all the black crimes that a man is at present committing against God and his fair creation. It ill becomes us to invoke in our daily prayers the blessings of God, the Compassionate, if we in turn will not practise elementary compassion towards our fellow creatures. *- This quote is from 'The Extended Circle, a dictionary of humane thought' published in 1985 by Jon Wynne-Tyson* *(reproduced with permission)* - *he gives the source as* ' *The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism' but we cannot find it in the 1931 talk of that title, but apparently hat title was also used for a book published in the 60's, which collects Gandhi's different writings on vegetarianism - we do not have that and would like to hear from anyone who does as it may give the original context. If anyone can verify this, or any other quotes, quote please contact IVU. We also have an alternative version of this quote as:* The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be measured by the way in which its animals are treated. *- but no source for that either...* However.... way back in 1883 Howard Williams published '*The Ethics of Diet - a Catena*' a collection of articles by ethical writers. Williams was a friend of Gandhi at the London Vegetarian Society, and Gandhi clearly states in his autobiography that he read the book in the early 1890s. In the section on Schopenhauer, p.287, Williams quotes Dr. David Strauss (*Die Alte und die Neue Glaube*) "*The manner in which a nation, in the aggregate, treats the other species, is one chief measure of its real civilisation.*" - so wherever Gandhi might have used his variation of the quote, he did not entirely originate it. I want to realize brotherhood or identity not merely with the beings called human, but I want to realize identity with all life, even with such things as crawl upon earth. - quoted in *Words of Gandhi* I abhor vivisection with my whole soul. All the scientific discoveries stained with innocent blood I count as of no consequence. *- unknown origin* "Non-cooperation with evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good." *- unknown origin* | A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly. Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value. - Hits: 3884 ### Vegan Recipes - [![VEGAN DICE CAKE](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th11%20259_fc4bcbed285fc6703460d8f6d3c54ea7.jpg "VEGAN DICE CAKE")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-dice-cake.html "VEGAN DICE CAKE") #### [VEGAN DICE CAKE](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-dice-cake.html "VEGAN DICE CAKE") [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Desserts](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/deserts.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) - [![Rice with a Chilean Flair](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/rice-with-a-chilean-flair-1793678015_1ec5c1cc5ced9c738555eabc303b7bde.jpg "Rice with a Chilean Flair")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/rice-with-a-chilean-flair.html "Rice with a Chilean Flair") #### [Rice with a Chilean Flair](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/rice-with-a-chilean-flair.html "Rice with a Chilean Flair") [Chile](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/chile.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Rice](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/rice.html) [South America](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/south-america.html) - 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[ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular 2781 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular 3832 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular 4051 downloads ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults In 2 versions: - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html) [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html) ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Vegan Nutrition ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png) ### Presidents, Chair and Council - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html) ### Departments - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html) - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html) ### Regions - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - [Contacts](https://ivu.org/contact-ivu.html) ### Blogs - [Cynthia Schuck](https://ivu.org/cynthia-schuck.html) - [John Davis](https://ivu.org/john-davis.html) - [Marly Winckler](https://ivu.org/marly-winckler.html) - [Vegan Food Academy](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page.html) - [Login](https://ivu.org/login-2.html) ## Schema ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=2521:history-gandhi-index&catid=62","url":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=2521:history-gandhi-index&catid=62","name":"Mohandas K. 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