International Vegetarian Union (IVU)
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THE VEGETARIAN MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND,
1847-1981 :
A STUDY IN THE STRUCTURE OF ITS IDEOLOGY

A thesis presented to the London School of Economics, University of London,
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, by Julia Twigg
©AUTUMN 1981 - Thesis Index

The author is now Professor of Social Policy and Sociology at Kent University, England, and has given permission for this previously unpublished thesis to be published on the IVU website. The ownership and copyright remain hers and no part of this thesis may be used elsewhere without her express permission.

[Numerical links are to the author's footnotes, use your back button to return to the same point in the text. Text links are to relevant items on the IVU website, all open in new windows]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

JOURNALS

The journal of the Vegetarian Society:

  • The Vegetarian Messenger, 1849-1860
  • The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger, 1861-1897
  • The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review, 1898-1952
  • The Vegetarian, 1953-1958

The journal of the London Vegetarian Society:

  • The Hygenic Review, 1893
  • The Vegetarian Review, 1894-1897 (incorporated into Dietetic Reformer)
  • The Vegetarian News, 1921-1958

The combined journal:

  • The British Vegetarian, 1959-1971
  • The Vegetarian, 1971-1976
  • The New Vegetarian, 1977-1978
  • Alive, 1978-1980
  • The Vegetarian, 1980-1981

Other journals:

  • The Vegetarian Advocate 1849-1952
  • The Food Reform Magazine 1881-1885
  • Seed Time, 1889-1896
  • The Danielite Star 1887-1931
  • Vim, later Health and Efficiency, 1902-1934
  • The Herald of the_Cross, 1905-1911, 1934-1938
  • The British Mazdaznan, 1914-1934, 1980
  • The Mazdaznan Call, 1934-1936
  • The Sun Bathing Review: the Journal of the Sun Societies (1933-1935)
  • The Vegan 1944-1981
  • Seed: the Journal of Organic Living 1971-1977
  • Health for the New Age, 1977-1980

YEARBOOKS

  • The Food Reformers' Year Book and Health Seeker's Guide, and subsequent titles, 1921-1981
  • Reports of the Friend's Vegetarian Society, 1947-1975;
  • Newsletters of FVS, 1953-1979
  • Catalogues of the Festival of Wind and Body, later Mind, Body and Spirit, 1977-1981
  • Isolated issues of other journals are cited in the text.

OTHER PUBLISHED MATERIAL
Place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.

  • Abrams, P. and McCulloch, A., Communes, Sociology and Society, Cambridge, 1976.
  • Adams, George, 'Memories of a Bauhaus Student', Architectural Review, Sept 1968.
  • Addison, Paul, The Road to 1945: British Politics and the Second World War, 1975.
  • Ahlstrom, S.E., A Religious History of the American People, Yale, 1972.
  • Allen, D.E., The Naturalist in Britain; A Social History, 1976
  • Allen, George H, From Land's End to John O'Groats, 1905.
  • Allinson, T.R., The Advantages of Wholemeal Bread, 1889.
    -, A Book for Married Women, 1894.
  • Angyal, A., 'Disgust & Related Aversions', J. of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 36, 1941.
  • Annan, Noel, Leslie Stephen, 1951.
  • Armytage, W.H.G., Heavens Below: Utopian Experiments in Britain, 1560-1960, 1961.
  • Arnott, Margaret L. ed., Gastronomy: The Anthropology of Food & Food Habits, Hague, 1975.
  • Atkinson, Paul, 'The Symbolic Significance of Health Foods', paper presented at British Nutritional Foundation Conference, May, 1979.
  • Axon, W.E.A., ed., Cheap Dinners for School Children, 1887.
    -, Fifty Years of the Vegetarian Society, Manchester, 1897.
    -, A History of the Bible Christian Church, Salford, Manchester 1909.
    -, Was Swedenborg a Vegetarian? Manchester, 1910.
    -, Why I am a Vegetarian, Manchester, 1911.
  • 'W.E.A. Axon', Manchester Faces & Places, Vol III, p109, Manchester, 1892.
  • Badcock, C.R., Lévi-Strauss, Structuralism & Sociological Theory, 1975.
  • Baker, Alfred, Life of Sir Isaac Pitman, 1908, 1930.
  • Baker, Richard St Barbe, The Brotherhood of the Trees, n.d.
    -, Dance of the Trees: The Adventures of a Forester, 1956.
  • Balaskas, Arthur, Bodyife, 1977,
  • Barkas, J. , The Vegetable Passion, 1975.
  • Barker, T.C., McKenzie, J.C., & Yudkin, J., eds, Our Changing Fare 1966.
  • Barr, John, ed. , The Environmental Handbook: Action Guide for the UK, 1971.
  • Barthes, Roland, Mythologies, 1972.
    -, 'Towards a Psychosociology of Contemporary Food Consumption’, E. And R. Foster, European Diet from Pre-Industrial to Modern Times, New York, 1975.
  • Beales. A.C.F. , The History of Peace, 1931.
  • Begbie , Harold, The Curious and Diverting Adventures of Sir John Sparrow, Bart., 1902.
  • Bell, E., Summer School Papers: Animal, Vegetable, & General, 1928
  • Bender, A.F., 'Food Preferences in Males & Females', Proc. Nutri Soc, 35, 1976.
    -,  The Role of Plants in Feedin Mankind, Vegan Society, 1980
  • Beraint, J.L., Profession & Monopoly, 1975.
  • Berger, Peter, 'Towards a Sociological Understanding of Psychoanalysis', Social Research, 1965.
  • Berger, Peter L. & Brigitte, and Kellner, Hansfried, The Homeless Mind: Modernisation & Consciousness, 1974.
  • Bergin, T., ed, Salford: A City & its People, Salford, 1974.
  • Berry, Rynn, The Vegetarians, Brookline, Mass., 1979.
  • Bicknell, F. & Prescott, F., The Vitamins in Medicine, 1946.
  • Blake, John B., 'Health Reform', E.S. Gausted, ed, The Rise of Adventism: Religion and Society in Mid Nineteenth  Century America, New York, 1974.
  • Blewill, Trevor, The Modern Schools Handbook, 1934.
  • Blix, Gunner, Food Cultism & Nutritional Quackery, Symposia of the Swedish Nutritional Foundation, Uppsala, 1970.
  • Blue, Lionel, A Taste of Heaven: Adventures in Food & Faith, 1977.
  • Bocock, R., Freud & Modern Society, 1976.
  • Bogue, D., & Bennett, J., The History of Dissenters, 2nd ed., 1833.
  • Bolsterli, Margaret Jones, The Early Community at Bedford Park, 1977.
  • Booth, Bramwell, The Advantages of Vegetarian Diet, n.d.
  • Boudon, R., The Uses of Structuralism, 1971.
  • Bourdieu, P., 'Berber House', V. Douglas, ed, Rules and Meanings, 1973.
  • Bowker, G.H., Shaw on Vivisection, 1949.
  • Boyd, W., & Rawson, W., The Story of the New Education, 1965.
  • Brady, Margaret, Food for Happiness and Health, Wrekin Trust, n.d.
  • Brandt, Charles, What is Vegetarianism, I.V.U. Congress, India, 1967 [printed in the 1957 Souvenir Book from India, then again in 1967].
  • Branson, N., & Heinemann, W., Britain in the 1930s, 1971.
  • Braudel, Fernand, Capitalism and Material Life, 1400-1800, 1973.
  • Brayshaw, Arthur, 'The Kindlier Way', Friends Quarterly Examiner, LXIX, 1935.
    -, Quakers & Smallpox, Letchworth, 1943.
    -, ed. 'Our Lesser Brethren’, n.d.
  • Brayshaw, A. Neave, The Quakers: Their Story & Message, 1921, 1953
  • Briggs, Asa, ed., Chartist Studies, 1959.
    -, Victorian Cities, 1963.
    -, Victorian People, 1954.
  • Brockway, Penner, Bermondsey Story: the Life of Alfred Salter, 1949.
    -, Hungry England, 1932.
    -, Inside the Left, 1942.
    -, Towards Tomorrow, 1977.
  • Brophy, Brigid, 'The Rights of Animals', Sunday Times, Oct 1965.
    -, 'The Way of No Flesh', M. Holroyd, ed., The Genius of Shaw, 1979
  • Budd, Susan, Varieties of Unbelief: Atheists & Agnostics in English Society, 1850-1960, 1977.
  • Burfield, Diana, 'Theosophy and the Women's Movenent', BSA Sociology of Religion Conference, Guildford, 1979.
  • Burn, W.L., The Age of Equipoise, 1964.
  • Burnett, John, Plenty & Want, 2nd ad., 1979.
  • Burrage, E. Harcourt, J. Passmore Edwards, Philanthropist, 1902.
  • Butler, C., Benedictine Monachism, 2nd ed., 1923.
  • Buzan, B.G., 'The British Peace Movement from 1919-1939', thesis presented to LSE, 1973.
  • Campbell, C., 'Accounting for the Counter Culture, Journal of Scottish Sociology, Jan 1980.
    -, 'The Cultic Milieu', W. Hill, ed., A Sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain, No 5, 1972.
  • CAMREB, published pamphlet material.
  • Carlile, H., The Lion, Vol I, 1828, p633-40.
  • Carpenter, Edward, Civilisation: Its Cause & Cure, 1889.
    -, From Adam's Peak to Elephanta: Sketches in Ceylon & India, 1892.
    -, My Days & Dreams, 1916.
    -, Towards Democracy, 1883.
  • Carr, Raymond, English Foxhunting: A History, 1976.
  • Carson, Gerald, The Cornflake Crusade, 1959.
  • Carter, A., 'The New Vegetarians', New Society, 4 Mar, 1976.
  • Ceadal, Martin, Pacifism in Britain, 1914-1945: The Defining of a Faith, Oxford, 1980.
  • Census, 1851, Salford returns
  • Chesterton, G.K. Orthodoxy, 1909.
  • Child, H.A,T., ed., The Independent Progressive School, 1962.
  • Clark, James, Bible Testimony as to the Use of Animal Food, Manchester, 1901.
  • Clark, Jon, & Others, Culture & Crisis in Britain in the Thirties, 1979.
  • Clark, R.W., & Pyatt, E.C., Mountaineering in Britain: A History from the Earliest Times, to the Present Day, 1957.
  • Clark, Stephen R.L., The Moral Status of Animals, Oxford, 1977.
  • Clarke, Sir George, History of the Royal College of Physicians, Vol II, 1966.
  • [Clowes, W.], The Spiritual Sun, its existence & operation proved incontestably . . . Manchester, 1814.
  • Clubb, H.S., 'Memoir', Herald of Health, May, June, Aug, 1906.
  • Cole, G.D.H., A History of Socialist Thought: Vol I : TheForerunners, 1789-1850, 1953.
  • Cooke, Cohn, The Life of Richard Stafford Cripps, 1957.
  • Coomaraswarny, A.K., The Arts & Crafts of India and Ceylon, 1913.
    -,The Message of the East, Madras, 1910.
  • Cotterill, Melanie, 'Invisible Religion and the Middle Class' paper read at 1979, Implicit Religion Conference, Denton Hall, Yorkshire.
  • Cowherd,W., Facts Authentic to Science and Religion, Salford, 1818, 1820.
    -, Select Hymns for Use of Bible Christians, 7th ed., Manchester, 1841.
  • Creese, Walter L., The Search for Environment: Before &  After, Yale, 1966.
  • Crossick, Geoffrey, ed., The Lower Middle Class in Britain, 1870-1914, 1977.
  • Cussler, Margaret & De Give, Mary, 'twixt the Cup & the Lip:' Psychological & Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Food Habits, New York, 1952.
  • Danielites, Book of Rules or Constitution of Order of  Danielites,1898.
  • Despard, Charlotte, Theosophy & the Women's Movement, 1913.
  • Dickerson, J.W.T., Plant Food for Human Health, Vegan Soc., Leatherhead, 1979.
  • Dobbie, B.M. Willmott, A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset, Bath, 1979.
  • Dole, Lionel, The Blood Poisoners, Croydon, 1965
  • Douglas, M., Implicit Meaning, 1975.
    -, Natural Symbols, 1970.
    -, Purity & Danger, 1966.
    -, Rules & Meanings, 1973.
  • Douglas Hume, E., The Mind Changers, 1939.
  • Drinkwater, Rev. G. Nevin, Food in the Early Church, n.d.
  • Drummond, J.C., & Wilbraham, A., The Englishman's Food, 1939.
  • Dumont, L., Homo Hierarchicus, 1970.
  • Dwyer, J.T, & others, 'The "New" Vegetarians', J. Am. Dietetic Assoc., 64, 4, 1974.
  • Easthope, Gary, 'Learning to be Healthy', paper read to BSA Sociology of Religion conference, Guildford, 1979.
  • Edwards, Harry, Thirty Years a Spiritual Healer, 1968.
  • Eliade, Mircea, Myths, Dreams & Mysteries, 1960.
    -, Occultism, Witchcraft & Cultural Fashions: Essays in Comparative Religions, 1976.
    -, The Quest: History & Meaning in Religion, Chicago, 1969.
  • Elias, Norbert, The Civilising Process: the History of Manners,  trs ed. 1978.
  • Ellis, Frey & Kurtha, A.N., 'The Nutritional, Clinical & Economic Aspects of Vegan Diets', Pl. Fds. hum. Nutri, 1970.
  • Ellis, Frey, & Montegriffo, V.M.E., 'The Health of Vegans', Pl. Fds. hum. Nutri, 1971.
  • Ellis, Prey & Mumford, P., 'The Nutritional Status of Vegans & Vegetarians', Proceedings of the Nutritional Society,  1967.
  • Ellis, Frey & Wokes, P., 'The Treatment of Dietary Deficiency of Vitamin B12' Nutr. Dieta, 9, 1967.
  • Ellis, Frey & others 'The Effect of a Strict Vegetarian Diet . . .', Journal of Pathology, Vol 103, 1971.
  • Ellwood, Robert S., Alternative Altars: Unconventional & Eastern Spirituality in America, Chicago, 1979.
  • Ervine, St. John, Bernard Shaw: His Life, Work & Friends, 1956.
  • Ferrier, J. Todd, The Inner Meaning of the Food Reform Movement, 1934.
    -, On Behalf of the Creatures, 1904, 1926.
    -, The Second Coming of Christ, or the New Avatar, 1912.
  • Feverel, Austin, 'Concordists of Alcott House', Surrey Comet, Dec 1905-March 1906,
  • Fielden, K, 'Samuel Smiles & Self Help', Victorian Studies, 1968.
  • Findhorn Community, The Findhorn Garden, 1975.
  • Firth, Raymond, Symbols: Public and Private, 1973.
  • Fitzgerald, Thomas K., ed., Nutrition & Anthropology in Action, Amsterdam, 1977,
  • Forward, C .W., Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England, 1847-1897, Manchester, 1898,
    -, Food of the Future, 1904.
    -, Fruit of the Tree, n.d.
    - , The Golden Calf, 1932.
    - , Practical Vegetarian Recipes, 1891.
  • Foster, H. & Ranum, O., eds, Food & Drink in History; Selections from Annales 1979.
  • Fox, Michael W., Between Animal & Man, 1976.
  • Frangopulo, N.J., ed., Rich Inheritance, 1969.
  • Freeman, Peter, The Druids & Theosophy, Glasgow, 1924.
    -, Our Younger Brothers: The Animals, 1926.
    -, The World Food Crisis Solved by a Vegetarian, Letchworth, 1956,
  • French, Richard D., Anti-vivisection & Medical Science in Victorian Society, Princeton, 1975.
  • Frey, R.G., Interest and Rights: The Case Against Animals, 1980.
  • Friends Vegetarian Society, Our Approach to Vegetarianism, n.d.
  • Fry, Joan Mary, Friends Lend a Hand in Alleviating Unemployment, 1947.
  • Fusillo, Alice, 'Food Shoppers Beliefs: Myths & Realities’, FDA Consumer, Oct, 1974.
  • Gandhi, M .K., The Earliest Writings of Mohandas – Karamchand - Gandhi from The Vegetarian, 1891, weekly magazine of the LVS, of which he was a member, 1948. [all articles online]
    -, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Amedabad, 1927.
  • Gaskell, Mrs., Mary Barton : a Tale of Manchester Life, 1848.
  • Gilbert, Katherine, 'Clean and Organic : A Study in Architectural Semantics', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 1951.
  • Girouard, Mark, Sweetness & Light: The Queen Anne Movement, 1860-1900, Oxford, 1977.
  • Godlovitch, S. & R., & Harris, J., eds, Animals, Men and Morals, 1971,
  • Gordon, Alexander, A Pythagorean of the Seventeenth Century, Liverpool, 1871.
  • Gore-Booth, Eva, Poems, with biographical introduction by Esther Roper, 1929.
    -, The Psychological & Poetic Approach to the Study of the Fourth Gospel, 1923.
  • Gosby, G.R., Disarmament & Peace in British Politics, 1914-1919, Cambridge, Mass., 1957.
  • Graves, H. & Hodge, A., The Long Weekend, 1940.
  • Green, Peter, Christian Ethics, 1921.
  • Greenwood, Walter, Love on the Dole: A Tale of Two Cities, 1933,
    -,There was a Time, 1967.
  • Grith Fyrd Idea, series of authors, Salisbury, 1933.
  • Guérard, Albert Léon, A Short History of the International Language Movement, 1922.
  • Hackett, Earle, Blood: The Paramount Humour, 1973.
  • Ham Common School: MS copy of advertisement, Richmond Notes, Vol 20.
  • Hampson, Judith E., Animal Experimentation 1876-1976: Historical & Contemporary Perspectives, PhD thesis, Leicester 1978.
    -, 'Animal Welfare - a Century of Conflict', New Scientist, 25 Oct. 1979.
  • Ha'nish, Otoman Zar-Adusht, Inner Studies, 1902.
    -, Mazdaznan Science of Dietetics, 1944.
    -, The True Story of Jesus Christ entitled Yehoshua Nazir, 1917.
  • Hanson, Brian, 'Singing the Body Electric with Charles Holden’, Architectural Review, Dec 1975.
  • Harrison, Brian, 'Animals & the State in Nineteenth Century England', English Historical Review, 1973.
    -, Drink & the Victorians, 1971.
  • Harrison, J.F.C., Learning and Living, 1790-1960: A Study in the History of the English Adult Education Movement,  1961.
    -, Robert Owen & the Owenites in Britain & America, 1969.
    -, The Second Coming: Popular Millenarianism, 1780-1850, 1979.
    -' The Victorian Gospel of Success', Victorian Studies, 1957.
  • Harrison, Ruth, Animal Machines, 1964.
  • Harrison, William, Bible Testimony Against Flesh Eating, Manchester, 1907.
  • Hauser, B. Gayelord, Eat & Grow Beautiful, 1939.
    -, Food, Science & Health, New York, 1930.
    -, Harmonized Food Selection, 1930.
  • Hayward, Arthur L., Jordans: the Making of a Community, 1969
  • H.B.A., The Drink Problem: Thoughts towards a Solution, 1903
  • Hendrick, G., Henry Salt, 1977. (Salt)
  • Hills, A.F., Reaction, (A Speculation), 1894.
    -, Vegetarian Essays, 1897.
    -, Vital Food, 1892.
  • Hindmarsh, Robert, The Rise & Progress of New Jerusalem Church, 1834.
  • History of the Philadelphia Bible Christian Church, 1817-1917, Philadelphia, 1922. [1.3mb PDF]
  • Hoffs, Joshua, A.,'Anthropophagy & its Relation to the Oral Stage of Development' Psychoanalytic Review, New York, 1963.
  • Hollands, C., Compassion is the Bugler, 1980.
  • Holliday, Laurel, The Violent Sex: Male Psychobiology & the Evolution of Consciousness, Guerneville, Calif. 1978.
  • Hollingsworth, D., 'Changing Patterns in Food Consumption', Nutrition Review, Vol 32, 1974.
  • Hoilingsworth, Dorothy and others, 'Prescription for a Better British Diet', British Medical Journal, 1979.
  • Holroyd, Michael, ed., The Genius of Shaw, 1979.
  • Holyoake, G.J., The History of Co-operation, 1875.
  • Hosali, Kate, Kate who was called the Toubiba: The SPANA Story, 1978.
  • How Britain was Fed in War Time: Food Control, 1939-1945, HMSO, 1946.
  • How to Live on a Shilling a Week, by one who has tried it, 1884.
  • Hudson, W.H., The Crystal Age, 1887.
  • Hughes, Thomas, Memoir of a Brother, 2nd ed., 1873.
  • Hulks, M. Ed., The Encyclopaedia of Alternative Medicine & Self Help, 1978
  • Hunt, James D., Gandhi in London, New Delhi, 1978. (Gandhi)
  • Huxley, Aldous, Brief Candles, 1930.
  • Huysmans, J.K., À Rebours, 1891.
  • Inge, W.R., Outspoken Essays, 1922.
  • Inglis, Brian, FringeMedicine, 1964.
    -, Natural Medicine, 1979.
  • Isichei, Elizabeth, Victorian Quakers, Oxford, 1970.
  • Iyengar, B.K.S., Light on Yoga, 1966.
  • Jaeger, Gustav, Dr Jaeger's Health Culture, 1887.
  • James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Fontana ed, 1960.
  • Jannaway, K., What Happens to the Calf, Vegan Soc, Leatherhead, 1980.
  • Jay, Harriett, Robert Buchanan, 1903.
  • Jupp, W.J., The Religion of Nature & Human Experience, 1906.
    -, Wayfarings, 1918.
  • Just, Adolf, The Jungborn Dietary: A New Vegetarian Cookery-book, n. d.
    -, Return to Nature, 1912.
  • Kaufman, Martin, 'The American Anti-Vivisectionists & their Arguments', Bull, of Hist. of Med., XL1, 1967.
  • Kemmis, Rev. Harold & Mrs Mary, The Order of the Cross, n.d. (Order of the Cross)
  • King, Antony D., 'A Time for Space & a Space for Time: the social Production of the Vacation House', Buildings & Society, 1980.
  • King, Ursula, 'Indian Spirituality, 'Western Materialism', Social Action, New Delhi, 28, 1978.
  • Kingsford, Anna, 'Clothed with the Sun': Being the Book of Illuminations of A.K., Edward Maitland, ed., 1889.
    -, The Perfect Way in Diet, 1881.
  • Knaggs, H. Valentine, Blood and Superman, 1915.
    -, How to Prevent Cancer, 1932.
    -, The 'Microbe' as Friend and Foe, 1908, 1923.
    -, The Right and Wrong Uses of Sugar, 1923.
  • Knowles, David, The Monastic Order in Britain, Cambridge, 1940.
    -, The Religious Order in England, Vol I, Cambridge, 1948.
  • The Lancet, 1884, p863, 998.
  • Lane, Terence, Some Aspects of the History of the Friends Vegetarian Society, Chelmsford, 1979. (Friends VegSoc)
  • Laquer, T.W., Religion & Respectability Sunday Schools & Working Class Culture, 1780-1850, 1976.
  • Law Reports, Queens Bench, Court of Appeal, 1894,
  • Lawrence, D.H., 'Sun' Complete Short Stories, Vol II, 1955,
  • Lawson, M.D., & Peterson, R.C., Progressive Education: An Introduction, 1972.
  • Leach, Edmund, 'Anthropological Aspects of Language: Animal Categories and Verbal Abuse', E.H. Lenneherg, ed., New Directions in the Study of Language, Cambridge, Mass. 1964.
    -, Culture and Communication: the Logic by Which Symbols Are Connected, 1976.
    -, Lévi-Strauss 1974.
  • League of Nations, report of the General Secretariat, Esperanto as an Internationa1 Auxiliary Language, Geneva, 1922.
  • Ledermann, E.K., Good Health Through Natural Therapy, 1977.
  • Lee, Charles, 'From a Letchworth Diary', Town & Country Planning, 21, 1953,
  • Lévi-Strauss, C., 'The Culinary Triangle, New Society, Dec 1966
    -, From Honey to Ashes, 1973.
    -, The Origins of Table Manners, 1978.
    -, The Savage Mind, 1966.
    -, The Raw & the Cooked, 1970,
  • Lewis, I., ed., Symbols & Sentiments: Cross Cultural Studies in Symbolism, 1977.
  • Leyrnore, Varda Langholz, The Hidden Myth: Structure & Symbolism in Advertising, 1975.
  • Lind-af-Hageby, Emelie Augusta, & Schartau, L.K., The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology, 1903, 5th. ed., 1913.
  • Lind-af-Hagerby, L., Women's Right to Work, 1920.
  • Linklater, A., An Unhusbanded Life: Charlotte Despard, Suffragette Socialist & Sinn Feiner, 1980.
  • Light, H., Athletics - Endurance & Stamina, Manchester, n.d.
  • Linzey, Andrew, Animal Rights: A Christian Assessment of Man's Treatment of Animals, 1976.
  • Lipsey, Roger, Coomaraswamy; His Life and Works, Princeton, 1977.
  • Lovejoy, A.O., & Boas, G., Documentary History of Primitivism, I: Antiquity, Baltimore, 1935.
  • Lowenberg, M., & others, Food & Man, 1974.
  • Lucas, Jack, World Food Production in the Balance, n.d.
  • Lutyens, Emily, Candles in the Sun, 1957.
  • Lutyens, Mary, Edwin Lutyens, 1981.
    -, To Be Young, 1959.
  • Lytton, Constance, Letters, edited by Betty Balfour, 1925.
    -, Prisons & Prisoners: Some Personal Experiences 1914.
  • McCord, N., The Anti-Corn Law League, 1958.
  • McDougall, Donald, ed., Fifty Years a Borough, 1886-1936: The Story of West Ham, 1936.
  • McKenzie, John, 'Profile on Vegans', Fds hum. Nutrition Vol 2 1971.
    -, 'Social and Economic Implications of Minority Food Habits', Proceedings of Nutritional Society, 26, 1967.
  • MacKenzie, Jeanne, A Victorian Courtship: The Story of Beatrice Potter & Sidney Webb, 1979.
  • MacKenzie, Norman, ed., Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Cambridge, 1978.
  • MacKenzie, N. &  J., The First Fabians, 1977.
  • MacLeod, R.M., 'Law Medicine & Public Opinion: The Compulsory Health Legislation', Public Law, 1967
  • Macmillan, William J., The Reluctant Healer, 1952.
  • MacNames, Betty, 'Trends in Meat Consumption', T.C. Barker, et al. Our Changing Fare, 1966.
  • Maitland, Edward, Anna Kingsford, 1896.(Kingsford)
  • Mann, Tom, Memoirs, 1923.
  • Mansell, Thomas, Vegetarianism & Manual Labour, Manchester 1907.
  • Marmor, J., Bernard, V.W, & Ottenburg, P., 'Psychodynamics of Group Opposition to Health Programs', Am. J. Of Orthopsychiatry, Vol XXX, 1960.
  • Marquand, David, Ramsey Macdonald, 1977.
  • Martin, David, 'The Delicate Streak', The Listener, 25 April, 1974
    -, Pacifism: An Historical & Sociological Study, 1965.
  • Marwick, Arthur, The Deluge: British Society & the First World War, 1965.
    -, 'The ILP, 1918-32', D.Phil presented at Oxford, 1960.
  • Marwick, William H., Quaker Social Thought, 1969.
  • Meat & Livestock Commission, Bull Beef, n.d.
    - , Young Boars for Meat, n.d. 7
  • Menninger, Karl A., 'Totemic Aspects of Contemporary Attitudes toward Animals', G.B. Wilbur & W. Muensterberger ed. Psychoanalysis & Culture, New York, 1951.
  • Merrill, Frances & Mason, Among the Nudists, New York, 1931.
  • Metcalfe, Rev. Joseph, Memoir of the Rev. Wm. Metcalfe M.D., Philadelphia, 1866. (Metcalfe)
  • Mews, Stuart, 'Reason and Emotion in Working-Class Religion, 1794-1824’, D. Baker, ed., Schism., Heresy and Religious Protest, Cambridge, 1972.
  • Miles, Eustace, Better Food for Boys, 3rd ed., 1922.
    -, A Boy's Control & Self Expression, Cambridge, 1904.
    -, In Praise of Simpler Life, Manchester, 1902.
    -, Muscle, Brain & Diet: A Plea for Simpler Food, 1900
  • Miller D.S., & Mumford, P., 'The Nutritive Value of Western Vegan & Vegetarian Diets', Pl, Fds. hum. Nutr, 1972.
  • Morley P., & Wallis, R., Culture & Curing: Anthropological Perspectives on Traditional Medical Beliefs & Practices, 1978
  • Moss, Arthur W., Valiant Crusade, 1961.
  • Muffett, Thomas, Health Improvement . . ., 1655.
  • Muggridge, K., & Adam, H., Beatrice Webb, 1967.
  • Muggeridge, M., Chronicles of Wasted Time: The Green Stick, 1972.
  • Musgrove, Frank, Ecstacy & Holiness: Counter Culture & Open Society, 1974.
  • Nethercot, A.H., The First Five Lives of Annie Besant, 1961. (Besant)
    -, The Last Four Lives of Annie Besant, 1963.
  • Neuberger, Max, The Doctrine of the Healing Power of Nature throughout the Course of Time, New York, 1942.
  • New, P. Kong-Ming & Priest, R. Prendergrass, 'Food and Thought', J. of Am. Diet. Assoc. 1967.
  • Newham-Davis, Lieut-Col., Dinners & Diners: Where & How to Dine in London, 1899.
  • Newman, F.W., The Coming Revolution, 1882.
    -, Essays on Diet, 1883.
    -, The Phases of Faith, 1850.
    -, The Political Side of the Vaccination System, 1895
    -, Remedies for a Great Social Evil, 1869, 1871, 1889
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