---
title: "pp.42-45 - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "pp.42-45: IX - Autumn 1955 pp.42-45: MESSAGE FROM INDIA J. is predominantly and temperamentally a religious country."
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3067:history-world-forum-1955india&catid=80"
date: "2026-11-06T00:25:14+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  pp.42-45

![pp.42-45](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/history-world-forum-1955india.png) | **The Vegetarian World Forum**    **No. 3 Vol. IX - Autumn 1955 pp.42-45:**  MESSAGE FROM INDIA    **J. N. MANKAR**  India. is predominantly and temperamentally a religious country. Its religious fervour, its love of the abstract, its subtlising attitude and philosophical propensities are proverbial. It is so deeply engrossed in religion and it has so marvellously identified itself with it that Professor Max Muller had to observe in one of his writings that "India eats, drinks, sleeps, thinks, and acts religion," This means that in every walk of life Indias has invested itself with religion. In fact, India made it a paramount project of life and it is on account of this that whatever is beneficial to humanity for its political, social and economic well-being is considered as a religious duty. Vegetarianism in India, therefore, has this background.  The East is reputed to be the cradle of all religions chiefly because India had the good fortune of acting as Godmother to various religions of the world and lent them its best.  The ancient Indian Incarnations, Rishis and Sages, whose keen insight, clear outlook, deep love, and incessant meditations, conceived codes and interpreted the laws of working of the Soul and its salvation expounded the unity and essence of life in the external diversity and multiplicity. They gave a vision to the nation and as a nation with vision does not perish so it has not perished yet. It should, however, be admitted that it had dwindled and deteriorated to some extent due to the contacts with foreign powers and their conflicting cultures, yet it has held its own. Its survival against onslaughts of foreign powers and foreign ideologies is principally due to its spirituality.  India's Rishis taught the unity of life for the entire animal creation. Those Seers also discovered the indispensability of animals and plants to mankind and consequently both from higher motives of religion, spiritual growth. as well as practical purposes of life, they fore-sightedly preached the Gospel of the highest biological truth of interrelation between man and members of other kingdoms. Thus judged from the cultural and utilitarian points alike, the spiritual code of Aryan life that they have evolved is so sound and sublime that they have combined the good and the true with the beautiful, the secular with the non-secular, culture with use and service, by wedding the spiritual to the material.  India is a land of distances. India is a land of villages. It is a land of over-abundant population. It is preeminently an agricultural country. The ancient Aryan Indian religion was for formulated on the basis of cosmology or spiritual economics. It could not ignore the geo-economics of the land as they moulded religion in the cast of agriculture. Agriculture connotes draft. Beast is superior to man in point of draft. The ox was found most suitable for the purpose and climate and the female could be tapped for the milk. The animals whose male yielded food from fields and the females yielded luscious lacto-products and whose fluid and excreta (urine and dung) yielded fertility to the soil must naturally bear the palm.  The Cow is thus raised to the status of the Mother and the Bull that of the Father. It is also deified in Vedic and post-Vedic literature and enjoys n sacrosanct character, both as a symbol of animal life and pivot of agronomy. It fed the land with its manure and man with its lacto-products, the only source of getting nourishing food for a majority of Indians who are vegetarians as well as for non-vegetarians in a tropical country like India.  Thus the cycle of Tapa-Bhoga-Yagna is kept in motion. Animal fed the land and man, man in his turn fed the animal, and, in the alternative cycle. land paid its tribute to plant, plant to animal, and animal to man.  Looking back to the history of various nations we find among the ancient Greek philosophers strong advocates of vegetarianism in Pythagoras, Plato, Socrates and others. In India, too, this problem of vegetarianism was solved much earlier by the Aryan philosophers, who in many of their writings, advanced logical and scientific reasons against killing of animals and eating flesh foods. There is a common belief among many historians and oriental scholars that the Western countries owed their ideas regarding vegetarianism to Aryan philosophers, who from pre-historic times have advocated and practised a strict vegetarian diet. India is the only country in the world where vegetarianism has prevailed for centuries among the vast majority of the people. The Hindus were the first nation in the world who understood the fundamental principles of the vegetarian theory. It was from the Hindus that other nations such as the Chinese, Japanese, Tibetans, Siamese, Burmese, Cantonese, and Persians became impressed with the idea that slaughter of animals for food is cruel, inhuman and wicked. The greatest thinkers of ancient India gave arguments in support of vegetarianism from considerations of health, physiological structure, chemical properties of food, and moral and spiritual ideals.  Physicians in India also do not consider flesh-foods as conducive to health. They believe that even the flesh of animals specially fed and fattened for meat is diseased in the majority of cases and the germs of various diseases are introduced into the human body. They further assert that all flesh being a production of nutrition contains some refuse matter, because its elimination is suddenly arrested by slaughter. Such refuse is intensely poisonous and contains creatine and is a source of many diseases. animal flesh produces unnatural heat in the system and causes unusual activity and restlessness leading to nervous debility. Use of meat also increases the action of the heart and creates heart trouble. The views of physicians of India are endorsed by physiologists and comparative anatomists of the west, who have proved from the structure of the teeth. stomach, alimentary canal, the microscopic blood corpuscles, and the digestive processes that man is by nature a frugivorous animal.  In ancient times when agriculture was unknown, men lived on fruits, nuts, and other vegetable products which were found in abundance. But when the struggle for existence, which is so strongly manifested in the animal kingdom. became more difficult, people had to live on whatever they found around them. The savage tribes who still did not know anything about agriculture still lived on wild animals, birds, and even reptiles. Some of them even became cannibals when, they could not procure enough meat of wild animals. Can this signify that flesh and animal flesh are the natural food of man? No! it remains unnatural though it might be a diet in adversity and a relic of barbarity. A man can eat anything unnatural with the help of cookery and artificial food dressing but this cannot change the frugivorons nature of man.  The majority of people in India are lacto-vegetarians, some out of religious and ethical considerations, some by tradition and others for economic reasons. Vegetarians in India get their fat requirements from milk and dairy products, as they do not take eggs. For herbivorous animals mammal's milk is a natural. perfect food. From infancy babies who have no teeth or knowledge of eating grow on mother's milk only, physically and mentally. Thus milk is the natural food created for man when mother's milk ceased to be available. Cows' milk is used as being next to mothers' milk in dietetic values.  The cow in India is considered to be the Foster-Mother of mankind and s treated as a member of the human family. With a view to getting better and more milk, cows are given concentrates and are developed to give more milk. Additional milk produced by the cow after suckling her calf is used by mankind and is considered to be a natural and humane food. I am a unique example of a man sustained by 3lbs. of cow's milk only with frequent additions of vegetables and fruits. I think I am a challenge to the modern science of dietaries which worries about calories and vitamins. I think I get all of them from cows' milk.  This motherly regard and reverence for the cow in India as Gandhiji remarked, is the unique contribution of Hinduism, based on the principle of the oneness of life, to the evolution of the unity of life.  The younger generation in India was taught to be kind to animals and to refrain from killing or harming any creature. Hence an Indian devoted to his culture believes from his early childhood that killing for food is sinful. To the Western people this conception of sin in killing may not appeal as they are taught to believe that animals have no soul, no mind and no feelings. But this is a mistaken notion. The Hindu religion, including Vedic religion, Buddhism and Jainism is based on the fundamental principle of the evolution of man. It teaches one that life is manifesting in various forms of mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdom, and that all are linked together by a mighty chain of evolution. Wherever there is life there is the manifestation of cosmic mind, the difference being in the degree in the degree of such manifestation. Even the advanced scientists of modern times support this view.  Vedic religion forbids killing of animals. Buddhism and Jainism have Ahimsa, non-killing, as their basic principle. The Jains in India have greatly popularized this principle and have contributes much for its vindication. It is often argued by the advocates of animal food that in the economy of nature the struggle for existence demands that one animal shall live upon another. This may be true for lower animals, but man, the superior animal, is governed by moral and spiritual laws and has a higher aim of life. Man has to subdue his animal propensities by moral and spiritual laws and has to raise himself to the highest plane of spiritual enlightenment. Many sages and seers in India have attained spiritual enlightenment by abiding by the moral and spiritual laws and remaining non-violent in thought and action, and there are many philosophers and leaders of thought like Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and various religious heads who move on a higher spiritual level with a vegetarian diet. So also there are many brave and courageous races like the Sikhs and others who, though living mainly on a vegetarian diet, are none the less brave.  In spite of such testimony throughout the centuries, nations of the world have gone against the laws of nature and have gone against the laws of nature and have finally produced a world in which no matter how hard they drudge nor how much ingenuity they use, they remain the prey of war, want, disease, ignorance, and early death, the final flavour of this so-called civilization being the constant threat of wholesale annihilation by atom bombs.  Let us, however, remember that God created a world in which neither want war, nor disease need exist. All these are man-made. If only mankind lives according to the natural law all these evils would stop and there would be radiant health, long life and bounty for all creatures and for man there would be a rich experience of that glorious superhuman consciousness and achievement which is his special privilege and goal of life.  The question model naturally arise as to how to revert to a natural way of life. If only we realize the truth of what we are, and realize the alternative way of life, assess successive steps to free ourselves from an unnatural and complex mode of life, and begin to take them, we call build a new and harmless world civilization.  But ambitious man, entangled in the passion of his senses, has plunged his living against the laws of nature and goes on increasing his desires and needs, and has become a ruthless exploiter of nature, creating problems of ill health, soil erosion etc., having its repercussions on drought, floods, pests, and pestilence. He has upset nature's plan by tending large herds for meat and breaking the cycle of land, animal, and man-reducing the world of plenty to one of want and semi-starvation. Economically also the flesh-eathg way of life is extravagant, demanding 16 times more land than the vegetarian way of life, which looking from the point of view of the world's food problem, is going to be a serious menace to the principle of co-existence.  Man has further developed a materialistic turn of mind and abdicated life under natural environments and preferred urban life with ever-worsening conditions.  Let us once again realize that man is potentially an expression of Divine Creativity. He has the power of unlimited mental expansion and realization. Let him utilize this rare opportunity to reach the goal and act as representative of the Creator's purpose and guardian to the kingdom of nature and thus be a fore-runner of a new humanitarian world civilization.  It is a happy augury of the new era that eminent scientists, dieticians, and representatives of national vegetarian and humanitarian institutions of the world are sitting together to consider these problems and plan co-ordinated action under the International Vegetarian Union. Let us all set aside our personal or national differences and prejudices and strengthen this august world body financially and spiritually.  It is a happy thing that history repeats itself inasmuch as this World Vegetarian Congress is held at Paris where as early as in 1918 the Inter-allied Conference held at Paris appointed the international commission of expert scientific authorities to consider food problems of Entente nations consisting of Prof. Gley and Langlois (France), Bolazzi and Pagliani (Italy), Hulot (Belgium), Chilterden and Lusk (United States) who passed the undermentioned resolution at their meeting in Rome on April 29th, 1918 . . .  "The Commission has decided tha it is not desirable to fix the minimum meat ration in view of the fact that no absolute need exists for meat, since the proteins meat can be replaced by proteins of animal origin such as contained in milk and cheese etc., as well as by the proteins of the vegetable kingdom."  Let the I.V.U. approach F.A.O. Experts of Nutrition to appoint a commission of expert scientists to go into the question again and advise various nations and govenments to plan the substitution of flesh foods by vegetarian diet gradually in all countries.  The I.V.U. should also approach Ministry of Health to get exemption from vaccination etc., for vegetarians and conscientious objectors, and also approach various universities to make provision for vegetarian diet to vegetarian students.  While expressing our thanks to I.V.U. for deciding to hold 15th World Vegetarian Congress at Bombay (India), in 1957, I assure them on my behalf and on behalf of all humanitarian organisatins in India that we will do all in our power to organise the Congress in a dignified manner in testimony whereof submit the voluminous support promised to us by the Humanitarians in India printed in the booklet. Finally I extend our cordial invitation to you all and the humanitarians of the world to attend the 15th World Vegetarian Congress at Bombay.  [Vegetarian World Forum Index](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-world-forum-index.html)  | A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1138    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html)      ###  2000 Toronto Congress Archive   - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html)      ###  Vegetarian Societies and IVU History   - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![Tabil - Traditional Tunisian Spice Mix](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/tabil---traditional-tunisian-spice-mix-1775519067_3dd4baa681a18b35b2affa0d08df6d71.jpg "Tabil - Traditional Tunisian Spice Mix")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/tabil-traditional-tunisian-spice-mix.html "Tabil - Traditional Tunisian Spice Mix")           ####  [Tabil - Traditional Tunisian Spice Mix](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/tabil-traditional-tunisian-spice-mix.html "Tabil - Traditional Tunisian Spice Mix")            [Sauces](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/sauces.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) [Tunisia](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/tunisia.html) - [![VEGAN RAGOUT](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20717_b7c283d7dc4989c59183c3992f2ed6ef.jpg "VEGAN RAGOUT")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-ragout.html "VEGAN RAGOUT")           ####  [VEGAN RAGOUT](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-ragout.html "VEGAN RAGOUT")            [Fake Meats (Tofu etc)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) - [![Halloween Pumpkin Tajine](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/halloween-pumpkin-tajine-1775425120_82b242cd0cb29c390a63411ee74b7052.jpg "Halloween Pumpkin Tajine")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/halloween-pumpkin-tajine.html "Halloween Pumpkin Tajine")           ####  [Halloween Pumpkin Tajine](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/halloween-pumpkin-tajine.html "Halloween Pumpkin Tajine")            [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) [Morocco](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/morocco.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/apples_7dada1018cce35df8a60eeb074fff411.jpg "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")           ####  [The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7320 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - 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