--- title: "Proteína na dieta vegan - IVU - International Vegetarian Union" description: "Proteína na dieta vegan: Proteína na dieta vegan Reed Mangels, Ph.D, R.D. (nutricionista) De Vegetarian Resource Group Resumo: É muito fácil, com a dieta vegan, atender às recomendações proteicas, contanto que a ingestão de calorias seja adequada." url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6414:portuguese-trans-vrg-protein&catid=451" date: "2026-11-05T23:57:26+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- # Proteína na dieta vegan ![Proteína na dieta vegan](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/portuguese-trans-vrg-protein.png) | **Proteína na dieta vegan** Reed Mangels, Ph.D, R.D. (nutricionista) De **[Vegetarian Resource Group](http://www.vrg.org/)** **Resumo: É muito fácil, com a dieta vegan, atender às recomendações proteicas, contanto que a ingestão de calorias seja adequada. Não é necessário combinar estritamente as proteínas; é mais importante ter uma dieta variada durante todo o dia.** Alguns americanos são obcecados por proteína. Vegans são bombardeados com perguntas sobre suas fontes proteicas. Atletas costumavam comer grossos bifes antes das competições porque achavam que isso melhoraria seu desempenho. Vendem-se suplementos proteicos nas lojas de alimentos saudáveis. Esta preocupação está equivocada. Embora seja claro que a proteína é um nutriente essencial, com muitas papéis fundamentais no funcionamento de nosso corpo, não precisamos de grande quantidade dela. Na verdade, precisamos de pequena quantidade de proteína. Somente uma caloria de cada dez que ingerimos precisa vir da proteína(1). O desempenho atlético na verdade é melhorado por uma dieta rica em carboidratos, e não em proteínas(2). Os suplementos proteicos são caros, desnecessários e mesmo nocivos para algumas pessoas. De quanta proteína precisamos? A RDA (ingestão diária recomendada) é de 8 décimos de grama de proteína a cada quilo de peso corporal(1). Esta recomendação inclui um fator de segurança generoso para a maioria das pessoas. Ao fazermos alguns ajustes para compensar o fato de algumas proteínas vegetais serem digeridas de forma um tanto diferente da proteína animal e para contrabalançar o conteúdo em aminoácidos de algumas proteínas vegetais, chegamos ao nível de 1 grama de proteína por quilo de peso corporal. Como os vegans ingerem várias fontes de proteína vegetal, a recomendação proteica para eles seria algo entre 0,8g e 1g de proteína por quilo. Se fizermos alguns cálculos veremos que a recomendação de proteína para vegans se aproxima dos 10% das calorias ingeridas que devem vir das proteínas. \[Por exemplo, um homem vegan de 79kg entre 25 e 50 anos. Sua RDA é de 2900 calorias por dia. Sua necessidade proteica pode chegar a 79kg × 1g/kg = 79g de proteína. 79g de proteína × 4calorias/grama de proteína = 316 calorias de proteína por dia. 316 calorias de proteína dividido por 2900 calorias = 10,1% de calorias oriundas de proteínas\]. Se observarmos o que os vegans estão comendo, descobriremos que entre 10% e 12% das calorias vêm das proteínas(3). Isto contrasta com a ingestão de proteína dos não-vegetarianos, que fica por volta de 15% a 17%. Assim, nos Estados Unidos parece que as dietas vegans costumam ter menos proteína que a dieta americana padrão. Mas é bom lembrar que, no caso da proteína, mais (do que a RDA) não é necessariamente melhor. O consumo de uma dieta muito rica em proteína não parece oferecer vantagens para a saúde. Dietas ricas em proteína podem até aumentar o risco de osteoporose(4) e de problemas renais(5). **Tabela 1**: Amostra de cardápios que mostram como é fácil atender à necessidade de proteínas **Café da manhã** | **Proteína** (mg) | 1 xícara de aveia | 6 | |---|---|---|---| | 1 xícara de leite de soja | 9 | | 1 pãozinho | 9 | | **Almoço** | | | 2 fatias de pão integral | 5 | | 1 xícara de feijões cozidos | 12 | | **Jantar** | | | 150g de tofu firme | 16 | | 1 xícara de brócoli cozido | 5 | | 1 xícara de arroz integral cozido | 5 | | 2 colheres de sopa de amêndoas | 3 | | **Ceia** | | | 2 colheres de sopa de manteiga de amendoim | 8 | | 6 bolachas | 2 | | TOTAL | 80 gramas Recomendação de consumo de proteína para um homem vegan 63-79 gramas \[com base em 0,8-1 grama de proteína por quilo de peso corporal para um homem de 79 quilos\] **Café da manhã** | | | 2 fatias de torrada integral | 5 | | 2 colheres de sopa de manteiga de amendoim | 8 | | **Almoço** | | | 1 xícara de iogurte de soja | 12 | | 2 colheres de sopa de amêndoas | 3 | | 1 batata assada | 4 | | **Jantar** | | | 1 xícara de lentilhas cozidas | 18 | | 1 xícara de triguilho cozido | 6 | | **Lanche** | | | 1 xícara de leite de soja | 9 | | TOTAL | 65 gramas Recomendação de consumo de proteína para uma mulher vegan 50-63 gramas \[com base em 0,8-1 grama de proteína por quilo de peso corporal para uma mulher de 63 quilos\] Devem-se adicionar mais alimentos a estes cardápios para fornecer a quantidade adequada de calorias e para atender à necessidade de outros nutrientes além da proteína. A tabela 2 mostra a quantidade de proteína de vários alimentos vegans e também o peso em gramas de proteína em cada 100 calorias. Para atender às recomendações proteicas, o homem adulto médio vegan só precisa de 2,2g a 2,7g de proteína a cada 100 calorias, e a mulher adulta média vegan de 2,3g a 2,9g de proteína a cada 100 calorias. Estas quantidades recomendadas podem ser facilmente conseguidas em fontes vegans. **Tabela 2**: **Conteúdo de proteína de alguns alimentos vegans** ALIMENTO | QUANTIDADE | PROTEÍNA (g) | PROTEÍNA (g/100cal) | | Tempê | 1 xícara | 31 | 9,5 | | Seitan | 120g | 15-31 | 21,4-22,1 | | Feijão soja, cozido | 1 xícara | 29 | 9.6 | | Salsicha vegetariana | 1 conjunto | 8-26 | 13,3-20 | | Hambúrguer vegetariano | 1 | 5-24 | 3,8-21,8 | | Lentilhas cozidas | 1 xícara | 18 | 7,8 | | Tofu, firme | 120g | 8-15 | 10-12,2 | | Feijão vermelho, cozidos | 1 xícara | 15 | 6,8 | | Feijão Lima, cozido | 1 xícara | 15 | 6,8 | | Feijão preto, cozido | 1 xícara | 15 | 6,3 | | Grão-de-bico, cozido | 1 xícara | 15 | 5,4 | | Feijão comum, cozido | 1 xícara | 14 | 6,0 | | Feijão fradinho, cozido | 1 xícara | 13 | 6,7 | | Feijão assado vegetariano | 1 xícara | 12 | 5,2 | | Quinoa (cereal andino), cozido | 1 xícara | 11 | 3,5 | | Leite de soja comercial, simples | 1 xícara | 3-10 | 3-12 | | Tofu, comum | 120g | 2-10 | 2,3-10,7 | | Ervilha cozida | 1 xícara | 9 | 3,4 | | Pão branco | 1 médio (90g) | 9 | 3,7 | | Proteína vegetal texturizada (PVT) cozida | 1/2 xícara | 8 | 8,4 | | Manteiga de amendoim | 2 colheres de sopa | 8 | 4,1 | | Espaguete cozido | 1 xícara | 7 | 3,4 | | Espinafre cozido | 1 xícara | 6 | 11,0 | | Iogurte de soja, simples | 180g | 6 | 6 | | Triguilho, cozido | 1 xícara | 6 | 3,7 | | Sementes de girassol | 1/4 xícara | 6 | 3,3 | | Amêndoas | 1/4 xícara | 6 | 2,8 | | Brócoli cozido | 1 xícara | 5 | 10,5 | | Pão de trigo integral | 2 fatias | 5 | 3,9 | | Castanha de caju | 1/4 xícara | 5 | 2,7 | | Manteiga de amêndoa | 2 colheres de sopa | 5 | 2,4 | | Arroz integral cozido | 1 xícara | 5 | 2,1 | | Batata | 1 média (180g) | 4 | 2,6 Fonte: USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (Base de dados de nutrientes como padrão de referência), número 12, 1998 e informações dos fabricantes. O consumo de proteína recomendado para homens vegans adultos é de 63g a 79g de proteína por dia; para mulheres vegans adultas, entre 50g e 63g por dia (ver o texto). É muito fácil seguir a recomendação proteica com uma dieta vegan. Quase todos os legumes, feijões, cereais, nozes e sementes contêm alguma proteína, e muitas vezes contêm bastante proteína. Frutas, açúcares, gorduras e álcool não fornecem muita proteína, e assim uma dieta baseada apenas nestes alimentos, com grande probabilidade, será pobre em proteína. No entanto, não conhecemos muitos vegans que vivam só de banana, doces, margarina e cerveja. Os vegans que seguem uma dieta variada que contenha legumes, feijões, cereais, nozes e sementes raramente terão dificuldade para conseguir proteína suficiente, contanto que sua dieta contenha energia (calorias) suficientes para manter o peso. \[Consultar nas seções sobre Gravidez, Aleitamento e Bebês e Crianças mais detalhes sobre a necessidade de proteína nestas épocas especiais.\] A Tabela 3 mostra a quantidade de proteína em alguns alimentos de origem animal. Muitos destes alimentos são ricos em proteína, tão ricos que seria difícil ficar abaixo do limite superior sugerido para a ingestão de proteína, que é, para adultos, de 4,5g por 100 calorias(6). A dieta vegan variada pode fornecer proteína em quantidade adequada, mas não excessiva. **Tabela 3: Conteúdo de proteína de alguns alimentos de origem animal** ALIMENTO | QUANTIDADE | PROTEÍNA (g) | PROTEÍNA (g/100cal) | | Galinha assada | 90g | 28 | 17,98 | | Carne de porco assada | 90g | 25 | 11,4 | | Bife de alcatra | 90g | 24 | 11,4 | | Linguado, assado | 90g | 21 | 20,6 | | Carne moída magra cozida | 90g | 20 | 8,9 | | Leite de vaca | 1 xícara | 8 | 5,1 | | Queijo Cheddar | 30g | 7 | 6,2 | | Ovo | 1 grande | 6 | 8,4 Fonte: USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, número 12, 1998. A RDA de proteína para homens adultos é de 63g por dia; para mulheres adultas, 50g diárias. Recomenda-se a média de não mais que 4,5g de proteína por 100 calorias(6). Uma porção de 30g de carne ou peixe é pequena, mais ou menos do tamanho da palma da mão de uma mulher adulta. E a combinação ou complementação de proteínas? Isso não tornaria muito mais complexo o caso da proteína? Vamos dar uma olhada nos antecedentes do mito da complementação de proteínas. A proteína é feita de aminoácidos, descritos muitas vezes como tijolos. Na verdade, temos necessidade biológica de aminoácidos, e não de proteínas. Os seres humanos não podem fabricar nove dos vinte aminoácidos mais comuns, e por isso eles são considerados essenciais. Em outras palavras, precisamos recebê-los na dieta. Precisamos dos nove aminoácidos para que nosso corpo fabrique proteína. Ovos, leite de vaca, carne e peixe foram chamados de proteína de alta qualidade(1). Isto significa que contêm grande quantidade de todos os aminoácidos essenciais. Soja, quinoa (cereal nativo dos Andes) e espinafre também são considerados fontes de proteína de alta qualidade. Outras fontes proteicas de origem não-animal costumam ter todos os aminoácidos essenciais, mas a quantidade de um ou dois deles pode ser pequena. Por exemplo, os cereais têm pouca lisina (aminoácido essencial) e as leguminosas têm menos metionina (outro aminoácido essencial) do que as fontes proteicas ditas de alta qualidade. Frances Moore Lappe, em seu livro Diet for a Small Planet(7) (Dieta para um Pequeno Planeta) defendia a combinação de um alimento pobre em certo aminoácido com outro que contivesse grande quantidade daquele mesmo aminoácido. Este processo acabava ficando muito complicado, já que nele cada refeição tinha porções específicas de certos alimentos para chegar a uma mistura favorável de aminoácidos. Muita gente foi desencorajada pela complexidade desta abordagem. Na verdade, Lappe foi excessivamente conservadora para evitar críticas do "Grupo Dominante da Nutrição". Depois ela rejeitou a combinação estrita de proteínas, e disse: "Para combater o mito de que comer carne é a única forma de conseguir proteína de alta qualidade, reforcei outro mito. Dei a impressão de que, para conseguir proteína suficiente sem carne, era necessário muito cuidado na escolha dos alimentos. Na verdade, é muito mais fácil do que eu pensava."(8) Recomendamos a ingestão de vários cereais não-refinados, leguminosas, sementes, nozes, legumes e verduras durante todo o dia, para que, caso algum alimento seja pobre em determinado aminoácido essencial, outro alimento cubra este deficit(9,10). Mesmo que você só coma um tipo de alimento, sem a variedade típica da dieta vegan, provavelmente receberá quantidade suficiente de proteína e aminoácidos essenciais. Lembre-se de que quase todas as fontes proteicas de origem não-animal contêm todos os aminoácidos essenciais. Você só precisaria comer quantidade bastante da fonte de proteína (caso haja apenas uma fonte de proteína na sua dieta) para suprir a necessidade de aminoácidos essenciais. A Tabela 4 (ver abaixo) mostra a quantidade de vários alimentos que um homem adulto teria de ingerir caso só usasse uma única fonte alimentar para atender às suas necessidades proteicas. As mulheres precisariam de cerca de 20% menos de cada alimento, devido à quantidade menor recomendada para mulheres. **Tabela 4**: Quantidade de alimentos capaz de fornecer o total recomendado de aminoácidos essenciais 8 xícaras de milho cozido OU 8 batatas médias OU meio quilo de tofu OU 6 xícaras de arroz integral cozido Qualquer dos alimentos acima, ingerido no total indicado, forneceria a quantidade recomendada para um homem adulto de todos os aminoácidos essenciais. As mulheres precisariam de mais ou menos 20% menos de cada alimento, devido à quantidade menor recomendada para elas. Este conceito é ilustrado abaixo: **Alimento** | **Tri** | **Tre** | **Iso** | **Leu** | **Lis** | **Met+Cis** | **Fen+Tir** | **Val** | | 8 xícaras de milho | 304 | 1744 | 1744 | 4704 | 1856 | 1264 | 3680 | 2512 | | 8 batatas | 584 | 1360 | 1504 | 2232 | 2264 | 1056 | 3024 | 2104 | | 1/2 quilo de tofu | 642 | 1685 | 2042 | 3133 | 2715 | 1096 | 7766 | 2081 | | 6 xícaras de arroz integral | 384 | 1104 | 1278 | 2496 | 1152 | 1044 | 2694 | 1770 | | RDA p/ homem adulto de 80kg | 296 | 553 | 790 | 1106 | 948 | 1027 | 1106 | 790 Fonte: Composition of Foods, USDA Handbook 8. A quantidade de aminoácidos está expressa em miligramas. Tri = Triptófano, Tre = Treonina, Iso = Isoleucina, Leu = Leucina, Lis = Lisina, Met+Cis = Metionina + Cisteína, Fen+Tir = Fenilalanina + Tirosina, Val = Valina **Notas bibliográficas** 1\. Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council: Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10ª ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989. 2\. Bergstrom J, Hermansen L, Hultman E, Saltin B. Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scan 1967; 71: 140-150. 3\. Messina M, Messina V. The Dietitian's Guide to Vegetarian Diets. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 1996. 4\. Kerstetter JE, Allen LH. Dietary protein increases urinary calcium. J Nutr 1990; 120: 134-136. 5\. Dwyer JT, Madans JH, Tumbull B, et al. Diet, indicators of kidney disease, and later mortality among older persons in the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1299-1303. 6\. Committee on Diet and Health, Food and Nutrition Board: Diet and Health. Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989. 7\. Lappe FM. Diet for a Small Planet. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971. 8\. Lappe FM. Diet for a Small Planet, 10th anniversary edition. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982. 9\. Young VR, Pellett PL. Plant proteins in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59 (suppl):1203S-1212S. 10\. Position of The American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc 1997; 97: 1317-1321. 11\. Kies C. Bioavailability: A factor in protein quality. J Agric Food Chem 1981; 29: 435-440. Este artigo foi publicado pela primeira vez no livro *Simply Vegan: Quick Vegetarian Meals* (Simplesmente Vegan: Refeições rápidas vegetarianas), de Debra Wasserman. Seção sobre nutrição a cargo do nutricionista Reed Mangels, Ph.D. (ISBN 0-931411-20-3) --- Tradução: Beatriz Medina | A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly. Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value. - Hits: 1027 ### 1957 World Vegetarian Congress - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html) - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) ### Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[IVU Online News Archive](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-online-index.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-music.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Religion and Vegetarianism Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-books.html) - [Vegetarian Science Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-library.html) ### Vegetarian News and Periodical Archives - [IVU Magazine Archives](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html) - [IVU Online News Archive](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-online-index.html) - [Interviews with Vegetarian and Vegan Activists](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-online-interviews-index.html) - [European Vegetarian Union News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-evu-index.html) - [European Vegetarian News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-europe-archives.html) - [Nigerian Vegetarian News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-nigeriaveg-newsarchive.html) - [The Vegetarian Newspaper: 1888-1903](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-europe19b-the-vegetarian.html) - [The British Vegetarian: 1959-1971](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-europe20b-british-vegetarian.html) - [The Vegetarian World Forum Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-world-forum-index.html) ### Vegetarian Libraries and Historical Research - [Vegetarian History Online Library](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-online-library.html) - [Museum of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-museum.html) - [The Ethics of Diet: Book and Editions](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-williams-index.html) - [Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Monograph](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-shelley-monograph.html) - [The Vegetarian Movement in England: 1847-1981](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-thesis-index.html) - [English Vegetarian Movement: Thesis Bibliography](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-thesis-bibliography.html) - [Vegetarian Federal Union: 1897 Annual Report](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-vfu-1897-report.html) - [Historical Books on Animal Ethics](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-animals-books.html) - [Religious Vegetarian Books: Historical Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-books.html) - [How to Win an Argument with a Meat Eater: Booklet](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-articles-argument.html) - [Historical Books on Vegetarian Science](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-library.html) - [Science Council of IVU: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-scivu-index.html) ### 1990s Regional Congresses and Thailand 1999 - [1999 World Vegetarian Congress: Chiang Mai](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Programme and Abstracts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-program-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Participant Profiles](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-profiles-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-index-old.html) - [1995 European Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-euro95-index.html) - [1997 European Vegetarian Congress: Bussolengo](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-euro97-index.html) - [1997 India and Far East Regional Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-asia97-index.html) ### Vegetarian People, Arts and Culture - [Famous Vegetarians: People Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-people-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Film and Television](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Bollywood](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-bollywood.html) - [European Vegetarian Actors](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-europe.html) - [Vegetarian Television Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-tv-index.html) - [Vegetarian Radio Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-radio-index.html) - [Vegetarian Models and Fashion Designers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-models-index.html) - [Vegetarian Rock and Pop Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-index.html) - [Vegetarian Classical, Jazz, Folk and Country Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-classic.html) - [Vegetarian Punk, Hip-Hop and Reggae Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-punk.html) - [Vegetarian Politicians and Activists](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-politics-index.html) - [Vegetarian Sports Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-sports-index.html) - [Vegetarian Writers, Artists, Poets and Philosophers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-index.html) - [Vegetarian Religious Leaders and Mystics](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-religious.html) - [Vegetarian Scientists and Physicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-scientists.html) - [Vegetarian Quotations and Poetry](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-quotes-index.html) - [Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-music.html) - [Classical Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-classical.html) - [Jazz and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-jazz.html) - [Rock and Pop: Bands, Musicians and Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-rock.html) - [Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html) ### 2000 Toronto Congress Archive - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html) ### Vegetarian Societies and IVU History - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html) ### Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) ### 2008 Dresden Congress Archive - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html) ### 2006 Goa Congress Archive - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html) ### 2004 Brazil Congress Archive - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html) ### Vegan Recipes - [![Mesir Wat (Ethiopian Red Lentil Puree)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/mesir-wat--ethiopian-red-lentil-puree--1775262922_f2c779b8025d8100bad1a22504cdd4bf.jpg "Mesir Wat (Ethiopian Red Lentil Puree)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/mesir-wat-ethiopian-red-lentil-puree.html "Mesir Wat (Ethiopian Red Lentil Puree)") #### [Mesir Wat (Ethiopian Red Lentil Puree)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/mesir-wat-ethiopian-red-lentil-puree.html "Mesir Wat (Ethiopian Red Lentil Puree)") [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Ethiopia](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/ethiopian.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![VEGAN DEEP-FRIED SOYBEAN SKIN AND SEAWEED](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th11%20316_4f145ce6a183ca7c50049b5e25d2236c.jpg "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED SOYBEAN SKIN AND SEAWEED")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-soybean-skin-and-seaweed.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED SOYBEAN SKIN AND SEAWEED") #### [VEGAN DEEP-FRIED SOYBEAN SKIN AND SEAWEED](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-soybean-skin-and-seaweed.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED SOYBEAN SKIN AND SEAWEED") [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) - [![VEGAN VEGETABLES SOUP](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20332_50be6483029c1589ceaff02530f36bc7.jpg "VEGAN VEGETABLES SOUP")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-vegetables-soup.html "VEGAN VEGETABLES SOUP") #### [VEGAN VEGETABLES SOUP](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-vegetables-soup.html "VEGAN VEGETABLES SOUP") [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) ### VFA Blog - [![The Ultimate Guide to the Science and Culinary Magic of Nutritional Yeast, Marmite, and Vegemite](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/nutritional_yeast_5511cf79dd291bdb390a2926a01c7b3b.png "The Ultimate Guide to the Science and Culinary Magic of Nutritional Yeast, Marmite, and Vegemite")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-science-and-culinary-magic-of-nutritional-yeast-marmite-and-vegemite.html "The Ultimate Guide to the Science and Culinary Magic of Nutritional Yeast, Marmite, and Vegemite") #### [The Ultimate Guide to the Science and Culinary Magic of Nutritional Yeast, Marmite, and Vegemite](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-science-and-culinary-magic-of-nutritional-yeast-marmite-and-vegemite.html "The Ultimate Guide to the Science and Culinary Magic of Nutritional Yeast, Marmite, and Vegemite") - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-science-and-culinary-magic-of-nutritional-yeast-marmite-and-vegemite.html) ### Science - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular ### History [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg) Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating") [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg) Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation") [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg) Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference") ### 2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html) - Archives by Language - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html) - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html) - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html) - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html) - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html) - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html) - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html) - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - 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[Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html) - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html) ### Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular 7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular 7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular 6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular 5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular 5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular 4558 downloads ### Nutrition - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular 603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular 2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular 3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular 4052 downloads ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults In 2 versions: - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html) [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html) ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Vegan Nutrition ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png) ### Presidents, Chair and Council - 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