---
title: "Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrients - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrients: See also: Health and Nutrition - Gesundheit und Ernährung - Hälsa & Näringslära - Salud y Nutrición - Salut i nutrició - Salute e Nutrizione - Sanatate si nutritie - Sano kaj Nutro - Santé et Alimentation - Saúde &"
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6206:science-articles-vit-mins&catid=384"
date: "2026-11-05T23:53:42+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrients

![Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrients](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/science-articles-vit-mins.png) **Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrients**- See also: [**Health and Nutrition**](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6201:science-articles-health&catid=384) - Gesundheit und Ernährung - Hälsa & Näringslära - Salud y Nutrición - Salut i nutrició - Salute e Nutrizione - Sanatate si nutritie - Sano kaj Nutro - Santé et Alimentation - Saúde & Nutrição - Sundhed & Ernæring - Terveys ja ravinto

 **Calcium**

\- [Calcium](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info09.html) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español***  *El Calcio*
\- ***Italiano*** *[Il Calcio](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6547:italian-trans-vegansuk-calcium&catid=333)*
\- [Calcium Controversy](http://www.veg.ca/newsletr/julaug96/calcium.html) (TVA 1996)
\- ***Português** [A polêmica do cálcio](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6408:portuguese-trans-tva-calcium&catid=451)*
\- [Calcium - Information Sheet](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/calcium.html) (VSUK)
\- ***Español** [El Calcio](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6737:spanish-trans-vsuk-calcium&catid=297)*
\- [Calcium in the Vegan Diet](http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/calcium.htm) (VRG)
\- ***Italiano** [Il calcio nella dieta vegana](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/nutrizione/vrg/calcio.html) (SSNV)*
\- Calcium for Vegans (oxveg)
\- The Calcium Myth (AVS)
\- ***Español** [El mito del calcio](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6688:spanish-trans-avs-calcium&catid=297)*
\- ***Français** [Le Grand Mythe du Calcium](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6457:french-trans-avs-calcium&catid=461)*
\- ***Italiano** [Il calcio: un mito da sfatare](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6541:italian-trans-avs-calcium&catid=333)*
\- ***Româna** Mitul Calciului*
\- [Dairy-Free Calcium](http://www.veg.ca/newsletr/mayjun97/dairyfree.html) (TVA 1997)
\- ***Español** [Calcio sin lácteos](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6712:spanish-trans-tva-dairyfree&catid=297)*
\- ***Português** [ Cálcio sem laticínios](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6409:portuguese-trans-tva-diaryfree&catid=451)*
\- ***Português** [Os lacticínios não são a resposta à deficiência de cálcio](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6419:portuguese-trans-vv-vvi28&catid=451)*
\- ***Italiano** [Il calcio del latte è dannoso](http://www.veganitalia.com/article.php?sid=140) (VeganItalia)*
\- [Milk, Calcium and Bone Density - a Catch 22](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=4260:congress-wvc96-texts-milk&catid=205) (World Congress 1996)
\- ***Deutsch** [Milch, Kalzium und Knochendichte - eine Zwickmühle](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6474:german-congress-wvc96-texts-milk&catid=345)*
\- ***Româna*** *lapte, calciu si densitate osoasa - O sarada - 22*
\- ***Svenska** Mjölk, Kalcium, och Skelettdensitet - Moment-22*

 **Fats**- [Fats and Cholesterol](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/fats.html) (VegSocUK)
\- ***Español** [Las Grasas y el Colesterol](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6742:spanish-trans-vsuk-fats&catid=297)*
\- ***Português** [Gordura e colesterol](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6416:portuguese-trans-vsuk-fats&catid=451)*
\- Fat in the Diet (oxveg 1998)
\- ***Español:**  [Las Grasas en la Dieta](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6693:spanish-trans-oxveg-fats&catid=297)*

 **Iron**- [Are You Getting Enough Iron, or Perhaps, Too Much?](http://www.vrg.org/journal/iron.htm) (VRG)
\- ***Português** [ Você está obtendo ferro suficiente da sua dueta, ou talvez mais do que o necessário?](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6413:portuguese-trans-vrg-iron&catid=451)*
\- David Ryde's casebook on iron absorption and sufficiency (OxVeg 1999)
\- [Iron](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info11.html) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español** El Hierro*
\- [Iron](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/info/e17.htm) (SVV)
\- ***Deutsch** [Eisen](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/info/17.htm)*
\- ***Español** [El Hierro](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/info/s17.htm)*
\- ***Français** [Le Fer](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/info/f17.htm)*
\- ***Italiano** [Il ferro](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/info/i17.htm)*
\- [Iron - Information Sheet](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/iron.html) (VegSocUK)
\- ***Español** [El Hierro](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6750:spanish-trans-vsuk-iron&catid=297)*
\- [Iron: Getting enough is usually not a problem for vegetarians](http://www.veg.ca/newsletr/janfeb97/iron.html) (TVA 1997)
\- [Iron in the Vegan Diet](http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/iron.htm) (VRG)
\- ***Español*** [*El hierro en la dieta vegana* ](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6730:spanish-trans-vrg-iron&catid=297)
\- ***Italiano*** [*Il ferro nella dieta vegana*](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6550:italian-trans-vrg-iron&catid=333)
\- [Overdoing Iron?](http://www.veg.ca/newsletr/marapr97/iron.html) (TVA 1997)

 **Protein**- [Exploding the Protein Deficiency Myth](http://www.veg.ca/lifelines/janfeb/protein.htm) (TVA)
\- ***Español***  *[Cómo echar por tierra el mito de la deficiencia proteica](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6719:spanish-trans-tva-protein&catid=297)*
\- [Protein](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info14.html) (VeganSoc)
\- [Protein](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/protein.html) (VegSocUK)
\- ***Español** [La Proteína](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5963:spanish-trans-vsuk-protein&catid=297)*
\- ***Français** [Les Proteines](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6465:french-trans-protein&catid=461)*
\- ***Italiano** [Le proteine](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6554:italian-trans-vsuk-protein&catid=333)*
\- [Protein in the Vegan Diet](http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/protein.htm) (VRG)
\- ***Español** [Las proteínas en la alimentación vegana](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6731:spanish-trans-vrg-protein&catid=297)*
\- ***Português** [Proteína na Dieta Vegan](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6414:portuguese-trans-vrg-protein&catid=451)*
\- [Protein: Is More Better?](http://www.trianglevegsociety.org/grapevine/v12/protein.html) (TVS)
\- ***Français*** *Protéines en pilule et autres idioties*
\- The Protein Myth (AVS)
\- ***Español** [El Mito de las Proteínas](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5961:spanish-trans-avs-protein&catid=297)*

 **Vitamin B12**- [B12 - an essential part of a healthy plant based diet](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/rubriche/cong2002/vegcon_B12_en.html) (SSNV from World Congress 2002)
\- ***Italiano** [B12: una Parte Essenziale di Una Sana Dieta Vegana](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/rubriche/cong2002/vegcon_B12.html)* (SSNV)
\- ***Italiano***  *[Ciò che ogni vegano dovrebbe sapere sulla Vitamina B12](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/medici/B12sheet.html) (SSNV)*
\- [Myths and Facts About Vitamin B12](http://www.trianglevegsociety.org/grapevine/v11_1/b12.html) (TVS)
\- ***Português** [Mitos e fatos sobre a vitamina B12](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6411:portuguese-trans-tvs-b12&catid=451)*
\- ***Deutsch** [Vitamin B12](http://www.vegetarismus.ch/heft/96-3/vitamin.htm) Dr. med. habil. Dr. Dr. K. J. Probst (SVV)*
\- [Vitamin B12](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/b12sheet.htm) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español** Lo que todo vegano debe saber acerca de la vitamina B12 (AVE / VeganSoc)*
\- ***Italiano***  [*Vitamina B12*](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/medici/B12sheet.html) (SSNV)
\- [Vitamin B12](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/b12.html) (VSUK)
\- [Vitamin B12: Are You Getting It?](http://www.veganhealth.org/b12/) (Vegan Outreach)
\- [Vitamin B12 in the Vegan Diet](http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/b12.htm) (VRG)
\- ***Italiano** [La vitamina B12 nella dieta vegana](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6549:italian-trans-vrg-b12&catid=333)*
\- ***Português** [A vitamina B12 na dieta vegan](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6412:portuguese-trans-vrg-b12&catid=451)*

 **Others**- [Antioxidants Cut Free Radical Risk](http://www.veg.ca/newsletr/mayjun97/antioxidant.html) (TVA 1997)
\- ***Español*** [*Los antioxidantes reducen el riesgo de los radicales libres*](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6706:spanish-trans-tva-antioxidant&catid=297)
\- A question of balance (VSUK)
\- ***Français** [Equilibrer son alimentation](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6468:french-trans-vsuk-balance&catid=461)*
\- ***Español** [Equilibrar su alimentación](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6735:spanish-trans-vsuk-balance&catid=297)*
\- ***Italiano** [Equilibrare l'alimentazione](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6552:italian-trans-vsuk-balance&catid=333)*
\- [Increasing Folate Can Help Lead to Fantastic Health ](http://www.vrg.org/journal/vj2000sep/2000sepfolate.htm)(VRG)
\- [Iodine](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info56.htm) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español** El Yodo*
\- [Essential Fatty Acids](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info10.html) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español** Acidos grasos esenciales*
\- [Folate in the Foliage](http://www.vegsource.com/articles/folate_root.htm) (VegSource)
\- ***Italiano*** *[Il folato nel fogliame](http://space.virgilio.it/tatanone@virgilio.it/folato.htm) Il vero momón*
\- [Food Tables and Values](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3988:congress-wvc57-souvenir-tables&catid=184) (World Congress 1957)
\- [Free Radicals , Antioxidants and Health](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3746:congress-thai99-texts-maitree&catid=168) (World Vegetarian Congress 1999)
\- [Key Nutrients in a Vegetarian Diet](http://www.veg.ca/nutrients.html) (TVA)
\- ***Español** [Los nutrientes clave](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6718:spanish-trans-tva-nutrients&catid=297)*
\- ***Português** [Nutrientes principais em uma dieta vegetariana](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6410:portuguese-trans-tva-nutrients&catid=451)*
\- [Minerals Needed, their source and their availability](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3950:congress-wvc57-souvenir-minerals&catid=184) (World Congress 1957)
\- ***Italiano** [Nutrizione (indice)](http://www.veganitalia.com/search.php?query=&topic=29) (VI)*
\- [Phytochemicals and Wellness](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3741:congress-thai99-texts-dunn&catid=168) (World Vegetarian Congress 1999)
\- ***Español***  *[Fitoquímicos y bienestar](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6636:spanish-congress-thai99-texts-dunn&catid=269)*
\- [Supplements](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info41.html) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Français** [Vitamine C la vie](http://vegetarismus.ch/heft/f2000-2/vitaminec.htm) (SVV)*
\- [Vitamin D](http://www.vegansociety.com/html/info/info17.html) (VeganSoc)
\- ***Español***  *La Vitamina D*
\- [Zinc](http://www.vegsoc.org/info/zinc.html) (VegSocUK)
\- ***Cesky** [Zinek](http://www.vegetarianstvi.cz/zinek.html)*
\- ***Español***  [*Zinc*](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6753:spanish-trans-vsuk-zinc&catid=297)
\- ***Italiano*** *[Zinco](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6073:italian-trans-vsuk-zinc&catid=333)*
\- ***Português** [Zinco](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6418:portuguese-trans-vsuk-zinc&catid=451)*

A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.

Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.

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