--- title: "El Hierro - IVU - International Vegetarian Union" description: "El Hierro: de la Sociedad Vegetariana Británica (Vegetarian Society UK) El hierro es un componente esencial de la hemoglobina, que transporta el oxígeno de la sangre a todas las partes del cuerpo. También juega un papel vital en muchas reacciones metabólicas." url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6750:spanish-trans-vsuk-iron&catid=297" date: "2026-11-05T23:57:08+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- # El Hierro ![El Hierro](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/spanish-trans-vsuk-iron.png)| **El Hierro** de la **[Sociedad Vegetariana Británica (Vegetarian Society UK)](http://www.vegsoc.org/)** El hierro es un componente esencial de la hemoglobina, que transporta el oxígeno de la sangre a todas las partes del cuerpo. También juega un papel vital en muchas reacciones metabólicas. La deficiencia de hierro puede causar anemia como resultado de niveles bajos de hemoglobina en la sangre. La deficiencia de hierro es la deficiencia nutricional más común en Gran Bretaña, así como mundialmente. Funciones El hierro es esencial para la formación de la hemoglobina, el pigmento rojo de la sangre. El hierro de la hemoglobina se combina con el oxígeno y lo transporta a través de la sangre a los órganos del cuerpo. El cuerpo humano contiene entre 3,5 y 4,5 gramos de hierro, dos tercios del cual están presentes en la hemoglobina. El resto se almacena en el hígado, el bazo y la médula de los huesos. Una cantidad pequeña está presente en forma de mioglobina, que actúa como depósito de oxígeno en los músculos. La deficiencia de hierro puede conducir a anemia. Los depósitos de hierro del cuerpo llegan a estar agotados y la síntesis de hemoglobina se inhibe. Entre los síntomas de la anemia están el cansancio, falta de energía, falta de aliento, dolores de cabeza, insomnio, pérdida del apetito y palidez. Todos estos síntomas se asocian con un aporte disminuído de oxígeno a los tejidos y a los órganos. El hierro también juega un papel importante en el sistema inmunitario, teniendo las personas con niveles bajos de hierro una resistencia menor ante las infecciones. Los estudios también han demostrado que una deficiencia de hierro se asocia con el funcionamiento cerebral disminuído, y la deficiencia de hierro en los niños puede resultar en problemas con la capacidad de aprendizaje y el comportamiento. La deficiencia de hierro es el problema nutricional más frecuente en Gran Bretaña y en el mundo. Se ha dicho que dos tercios de los niños y de las mujeres en edad de tener hijos son anémicos en los países en vías de desarrollo, y un tercio sufre de deficiencias severas y anemia. En los países desarrollados, entre el 10 y el 20% de las mujeres en edad de tener hijos son anémicas. El hierro es el nutriente menos abundante en la dieta típica británica y la anemia es bastante común en el Reino Unido. Fuentes Dietéticas El hierro dietético existe bajo dos formas diferentes. El hierro hemático sólo existe en los tejidos animales, mientras que en los alimentos vegetales el hierro está presente en forma no hemática. En una dieta omnívora mixta alrededor del 25% del hierro dietético es hierro no hemático. El hierro no hemático es absorbido con menor facilidad por parte del cuerpo que el tipo hemático. La cantidad de hierro asimilado de los alimentos varía entre el 1 al 10% de los alimentos vegetales y el 10 al 20% de los alimentos animales. La absorción del hierro se ve afectada por otros componentes de la comida. Los fitatos, oxalatos y fosfatos presentes en los alimentos vegetales pueden inhibir su absorción, así como los taninos del té. La fibra también puede inhibir su absorción. La vitamina C aumenta enormemente la absorción del hierro no hemático. Entre los alimentos ricos en vitamina C tenemos las frutas cítricas, los pimientos verdes, y las hortalizas de hojas verdes. El ácido cítrico, los azúcares, los aminoácidos y el alcohol pueden también favorecer la absorción del hierro. La absorción del hierro también puede verse afectada por la cantidad de hierro en la dieta. Niveles bajos de hierro en la dieta resultan en una mejor absorción. Como fuentes buenas de hierro para los vegetarianos están los cereales y harinas integrales, las hortalizas de hojas verdes, la melaza, las legumbres como las lentejas y los frijoles, y algunas frutas secadas. | **Fuentes de Hierro (raciones simples)** | **Buenas fuentes** | **Fuentes medianas** | **Fuentes pobres** | |---|---|---|---|---| | Copos de salvado (45g o 1½oz) | 18.0 mg | Huevo, hervido | 1.3 mg | Plátano (120g o 4¼oz) | 0.48 mg | | Garbanzos (200g o 7oz) | 6.2 mg | Aguacate (75g o 2¾oz) | 1.1 mg | Yogur (150g o 5½oz) | 0.36 mg | | Espinacas, hervidas (100g o 3½oz) | 4.0 mg | Espárragos (125g o 4¾oz) | 1.1 mg | Leche de vaca (½ pinta) | 0.14 mg | | Alubias cocidas (225g o 8oz) | 3.2 mg | 1 rebanada de pan integral (40g) | 1.0 mg | Queso curado(30g o 1oz) | 0.12 mg | | Melaza (35g o 1¼oz) | 3.2 mg | Brécol, hervido (100g o 3½oz) | 1.0 mg | Margarina (7g o ¼oz) | 0.02 mg | | Muesli (60g o 2¼oz) | 2.76 mg | Arroz integral (200g o 7oz) | 0.9 mg | . | . | | 4 Higos secos (60g o 2oz) | 2.1 mg | Mantequilla de cacahuete (20g o ½oz) | 0.5 mg | . | . | | 8 Albaricoques secos (50g o 1¾oz) | 2.1 mg | . | . | . | . A pesar del hecho de que el hierro de los alimentos vegetales se absorba menos fácilmente, las investigaciones han demostrado que los vegetarianos no presentan mayor tendencia a sufrir deficiencias de hierro que los no vegetarianos. Draper y Wheeler (1989) han afirmado que no hay ninguna indicación de una frecuencia superior de deficiencia de hierro entre los vegetarianos. Anderson (1981) encontró que el nivel de hierro de las mujeres vegetarianas durante largo tiempo era adecuado, a pesar de una ingestión elevada de fibra y fitatos. *Anderson, B. et al. (1981). The iron and zinc status of long-term vegetarian women (Niveles de hierro y zinc en mujeres vegetarianas durante largo tiempo). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition v.34 (6) p.1042-1048.* *Draper, A. & Wheeler, E. (1989). The diet and food choice of vegetarians in Greater London (La opción dietética de los vegetarianos de Londres). Centre of Human Nutrition, London.* Ingestión Sugerida Las antiguas Cantidades Diarias Recomendadas (RDA, en inglés) han sido reemplazadas por el término Ingestión de Nutriente de Referencia (RNI, en inglés). La RNI es la cantidad de nutriente que resulta adecuada para al menos el 97% de la población. **Ingestión de Nutriente de Referencia para el Hierro, mg/día** | | **Edad** | **RNI** | . | **Edad** | **RNI** | | 0 a 3 meses | 1.7 mg | . | Hombres 11 - 18 años | 11.3 mg | | 4 a 6 meses | 4.3 mg | . | Hombres 19 + años | 8.7 mg | | 7 a 12 meses | 7.8 mg | . | Mujeres 11 - 49 años | 14.8 mg | | 1 a 3 años | 6.9 mg | . | Mujeres 50 + años | 8.7 mg | | 4 a 6 años | 6.1 mg | . | - | - | | 7 a 10 años | 8.7 mg | . | - | - Para las mujeres en edad de tener hijos, la pérdida de hierro por la sangre de la menstruación aumenta considerablemente las necesidades de hierro. Estas pérdidas pueden variar mucho. Alrededor del 10% de las mujeres en edad de tener hijos necesitarán más hierro del que se indica. Para los hombres, las mujeres después de la menopausia y los niños, el cuerpo conserva eficientemente el hierro. El hierro de la hemoglobina se recicla y la cantidad de hierro perdida por el cuerpo es minúscula. Los bebés y los niños necesitan hierro extra para aumentar el volumen de sangre y los tejidos musculares. También se necesita hierro extra durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Plan de comidas **Ejemplo de menú diario para cubrir la RNI de 14.8 mg de una mujer entre 11 y 49 años** | | **Desayuno** | **Almuerzo** | **Cena** | | Bol de muesli con leche | 2.76 mg | 2 rebanadas de pan integral | 2.0 mg | Arroz integral (200g o 7oz) | 0.94 mg | | 1 tostada | 1.0 mg | Mantequilla de cacahuete (20g o ¾oz) | 0.5 mg | Garbanzos (200g o 7oz) | 6.2 mg | | - | - | 1 plátano | 0.5 mg | Brécol (100g o 3½oz) | 1.0 mg | | **Ingesta total de hierro - 14.9 mg** Traducido por Doug Duea A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly. Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value. - Hits: 1186 ### 1957 World Vegetarian Congress - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html) - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) ### Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html) ### 2000 Toronto Congress Archive - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html) ### Vegetarian Societies and IVU History - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - 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[Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html) ### Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) ### 2008 Dresden Congress Archive - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html) ### 2006 Goa Congress Archive - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html) ### 2004 Brazil Congress Archive - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html) ### Vegan Recipes - [![Bean and Vegetable Chili](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/f8cba3af-5ccd-4fd4-b332-1b3c2b862a49_c108000c9c278c58fd10367f640cf204.png "Bean and Vegetable Chili")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/bean-and-vegetable-chili.html "Bean and Vegetable Chili") #### [Bean and Vegetable Chili](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/bean-and-vegetable-chili.html "Bean and Vegetable Chili") [Mexico](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/mexico-2.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) - [![Vegan Niter Kebbeh](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/vegan-niter-kebbeh-1775251232_0e1345c49d9732980ee9089df80dad5a.jpg "Vegan Niter Kebbeh")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-niter-kebbeh.html "Vegan Niter Kebbeh") #### [Vegan Niter Kebbeh](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-niter-kebbeh.html "Vegan Niter Kebbeh") [Ethiopia](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/ethiopian.html) [Sauces](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/sauces.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20653_39d4592b0adc5fce51e5fb0bf3061f88.jpg "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-mushroom-balls.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS") #### [VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-deep-fried-mushroom-balls.html "VEGAN DEEP-FRIED MUSHROOM BALLS") [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) ### VFA Blog - [![How to cook Lentils](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/masala-khichdi_8530f881e1aed67ec68d9cbf57f5de0d.jpg "How to cook Lentils")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/how-to-cook-lentils.html "How to cook Lentils") #### [How to cook Lentils](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/how-to-cook-lentils.html "How to cook Lentils") - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/how-to-cook-lentils.html) ### Science - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular ### History [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg) Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating") [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg) Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation") [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg) Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference") ### 2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html) - Archives by Language - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html) - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html) - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html) - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html) - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html) - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html) - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html) - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html) - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html) - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html) - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html) - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html) - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html) - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html) - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html) ### Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular 7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular 7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular 6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular 5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular 5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular 4558 downloads ### Nutrition - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular 603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular 2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular 3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular 4052 downloads ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults In 2 versions: - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html) [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html) ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Vegan Nutrition ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png) ### Presidents, Chair and Council - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html) ### Departments - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html) - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html) ### Regions - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - 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