---
title: "Las Grasas y el Colesterol - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "Las Grasas y el Colesterol: de la Sociedad Vegetariana Británica (Vegetarian Society UK) Introducción Las grasas proveen una fuente concentrada de energía en la dieta. Los constituyentes de las grasas son los ácidos grasos."
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6742:spanish-trans-vsuk-fats&catid=297"
date: "2026-11-05T23:57:39+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  Las Grasas y el Colesterol

![Las Grasas y el Colesterol](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/spanish-trans-vsuk-fats.png) | **Las Grasas y el Colesterol**   de la **[Sociedad Vegetariana Británica (Vegetarian Society UK)](http://www.vegsoc.org/)****Introducción**  Las grasas proveen una fuente concentrada de energía en la dieta. Los constituyentes de las grasas son los ácidos grasos. Éstos pueden ser saturados, monoinsaturados, o poliinsaturados. Las comidas ricas en grasas saturadas normalmente son de origen animal. Las grasas vegetales generalmente son insaturadas.  Las grasas saturadas aumentan el nivel de colesterol en la sangre. El colesterol está presente en las comidas animales pero no en las vegetales. El colesterol es esencial para el metabolismo pero no se necesita en la dieta puesto que el cuerpo puede producir todo el necesario. Se asocian los niveles altos de colesterol en sangre con un riesgo más elevado de enfermedades cardíacas.  Las grasas y los aceites son esencialmente la misma cosa. Las grasas tienden a estar sólidas a temperaturas normales y los aceites se quedan líquidos. El término "lípidos" incluye las grasas tanto como los aceites.  **Estructura y Función**  Las grasas consisten en ácidos grasos y glicerol. Casi todas las grasas en nuestro cuerpo y nuestra comida son triglicéridas, conteniendo tres moléculas de glicerol. Se encuentran unos dieciséis ácidos grasos comúnmente en las comidas. La naturaleza de las grasas depende de sus ácidos grasos consituyentes.  Las grasas pueden clasificarse como saturadas, monoinsaturadas, o poliinsaturadas. Su clasificación depende del tipo de unión química presente en el ácido graso. Si un ácido graso tiene todos los átomos de hidrógeno que puede soportar, se le llama saturado. En cambio, si algunos de los átomos de hidrógeno están ausentes y la unión sencilla entre los átomos de carbón se ha reemplazado por una unión doble, es insaturada. Si hay sólo una unión doble es monoinsaturada. Si hay más de una es poliinsaturada. La mayoría de las grasas contienen una proporción de cada uno de esos tres tipos básicos de ácidos grasos pero se describen generalmente según el tipo predominante.  Las grasas saturadas tienden a ser grasas animales y están sólidas a temperatura ambiente. La mantequilla, la manteca, el tocino, y la grasa de la carne son grasas saturadas. Las grasas insaturadas son líquidas a temperatura ambiente. Normalmente, son de origen vegetal, aunque los aceites de pescado también pueden contener muchos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Se pueden endurecer los aceites añadiendo átomos de hidrógeno, convirtiendo las uniones dobles en sencillas. Este proceso se llama la hidrogenación. Los aceites vegetales hidrogenizados están presentes a menudo en la margarina u otros alimentos procesados.  Las grasas sirven varias funciones importantes en el cuerpo. Son una buena fuente de energía concentrada y también actúan como vehículos de las vitaminas liposolubles A, D, E y K. Las grasas son esenciales también para la estructura de las membranas celulares y son precursoras de muchas hormonas.  **Los Acidos grasos Esenciales**  Dos ácidos grasos se sabe que son esenciales. Son el ácido linoleico y el ácido a-linoleico. Deben estar presentes en la dieta porque el cuerpo no puede producirlos. Están presentes en los aceites de girasol y de soja.  El ácido linoleico se convierte en el ácido araquidónico, del cual se obtienen las prostaglandinas y otros compuestos vitales. A causa de esta conversión, el ácido araquidónico no es un ácido graso esencial como se creía antes. El ácido a-linoleico se convierte en ácido eicosapentanoico (AEP) que es importante en el funcionamiento correcto de los nervios. El AEP está presente en los aceites de pescado y se cree que es beneficioso en la reducción de los síntomas de la artritis y el riesgo de las enfermedades cardíacas. Por esa razón, los aceites de pescado se usan a veces terapéuticamente. Los aceites vegetales que contienen cantidades grandes de ese ácido pueden ser usados como alternativa por los vegetarianos. La linaza y el aceite de linaza son fuentes particularmente ricas en ácido a-linoleico.  **El Colesterol**  El colesterol pertenece al grupo esterol de las grasas. Está presente en todos los tejidos animales pero está ausente en las plantas. El colesterol es esencial como componente de las membranas celulares y como precursor de los ácidos biliares y de ciertas hormonas. El cuerpo puede producir su propio colesterol, así que no se necesita una fuente dietética.  El colesterol se transporta en forma de diversas proteínas. Estas moléculas complejas se llaman lipoproteínas. Hay cuatro tipos principales de lipoproteínas que se encargan del transporte del colesterol. Las más comunes son las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LBD) y las de alta densidad (LAD).  El colesterol puede causar placas arteriales si los niveles están demasiado altos. Esto puede resultar en arteriosclerosis, y por eso se lo relaciona con las enfermedades cardíacas. Las LBD causan problemas cardíacos. El colesterol LAD puede ayudar a proteger contra el riesgo de las enfermedades cardíacas.  La cantidad de colesterol dietético no tiene relación clara con los niveles de colesterol en la sangre. El colesterol sanguíneo se relaciona más con la cantidad de grasas saturadas en la dieta, y eso aumenta el nivel de colesterol sanguíneo. Se duda que las grasas insaturadas aumenten el nivel de colesterol en la sangre, y es posible que lo reduzcan.  **Acidos grasos trans**  Los ácidos grasos insaturados pueden existir en dos formas geométricas diferentes. Estas formas se llaman "cis" y "trans". Los ácidos grasos insaturados existen naturalmente en la forma "cis". Durante los procesos de fabricación estos ácidos grasos pueden cambiarse al tipo "trans". La hidrogenación de la margarina causa este fenómeno. Se ha sugerido que los ácidos grasos trans pueden aumentar el riesgo de las enfermedades cardíacas.  **Los Radicales Libres**  Los radicales libres son unas moléculas muy reactivas que se han relacionado con las enfermedades cardíacas y el cáncer. Cierto número de factores, incluyendo el consumo de alcohol, el estrés y las contaminaciones ambientales pueden precipitar la generación de los radicales libres en el cuerpo. Los ácidos poliinsaturados también pueden producir radicales libres, especialmente con la exposición a la luz del sol y al calor. Por eso, se dice que es mejor guardar los aceites donde la luz del sol no pueda penetrar. El aceite de oliva monoinsaturado no es tan susceptible a esta conversión, y por eso es una mejor elección para freír.  Los antioxidantes tales como las vitaminas A, C y E ofrecen protección contra los radicales libres. Las frutas y verduras frescas son fuentes ricas de antioxidantes.  **Fuentes Dietéticas**  Las grasas saturadas casi siempre provienen de los alimentos animales. La carne, los huevos y los productos lácteos contienen grasas saturadas. La manteca y el tocino son grasas saturadas. Los aceites de coco y de palma son fuentes vegetales de grasas saturadas. El aceite de oliva es una grasa monoinsaturada. Las grasas poliinsaturadas generalmente se encuentran en los productos vegetales.  La proporción entre grasas poliinsaturadas y saturadas en la dieta a menudo se llama proporción P:S.  El colesterol está presente en todos los alimentos animales pero no en los vegetales. La yema de huevo y los productos lácteos contienen mucho colesterol.  **Ingestión Sugerida**  Se cree actualmente que alrededor del 42% de la energía en la típica dieta británica viene de las grasas. Los mejores consejos son reducir esa cifra. El informe del Comité de Aspectos Médicos de la Política Alimentaria (COMA en inglés) sugirieron que no más del 35% de la energía cotidiana debe provenir de las grasas; y el Comité Nacional de Educación Nutricional (NACNE en inglés) recomendó una reducción a no más del 30%. Se da énfasis especial en la reducción de las grasas saturadas en la dieta.  Las dietas vegetarianas tienden a contener menos grasa que las omnívoras. No obstante, los vegetarianos que consumen productos lácteos y alimentos procesados que son altos en grasas probablemente consumen demasiado. Consejos corrientes a los vegetarianos recomiendan que mantengan al mínimo la ingestión de grasas, que eviten los productos lácteos que contienen mucha grasa y los productos procesados, y que utilicen aceite de oliva para las necesidades culinarias.  | \|  \| \|---\|---\|  A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1228    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![Cold Shredded Cucumber with Green Bean Sprout](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/beansproutcucumber1_6706fd0277f9ee98d1168c4acc796d27.jpeg "Cold Shredded Cucumber with Green Bean Sprout")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/cold-shredded-cucumber-with-green-bean-sprout-2.html "Cold Shredded Cucumber with Green Bean Sprout")           ####  [Cold Shredded Cucumber with Green Bean Sprout](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/cold-shredded-cucumber-with-green-bean-sprout-2.html "Cold Shredded Cucumber with Green Bean Sprout")            [Chinese](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/chinese.html) [salads](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/salads.html) - [![Protein Tortilla](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/tortilha_proteica_2_f1f522d850d03ced09c16fd76b216d8b.jpg "Protein Tortilla")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/protein-tortilla.html "Protein Tortilla")           ####  [Protein Tortilla](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/protein-tortilla.html "Protein Tortilla")            [Whole Food Plant Based](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/whole-plant-based.html) - [![VEGAN TOFU CUBE WITH GINGER SAUCE](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/mon%2089_630173d920aa6803539fdd7879b4584b.jpg "VEGAN TOFU CUBE WITH GINGER SAUCE")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-tofu-cube-with-ginger-sauce.html "VEGAN TOFU CUBE WITH GINGER SAUCE")           ####  [VEGAN TOFU CUBE WITH GINGER SAUCE](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-tofu-cube-with-ginger-sauce.html "VEGAN TOFU CUBE WITH GINGER SAUCE")            [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Fake Meats (Tofu etc)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![The Black Vegan Revolution: Empowerment, Heritage, and Health](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/black_boy_and_bunny_7_cf6be6ae6fefc54eb947091e3c3c0d93.jpg "The Black Vegan Revolution: Empowerment, Heritage, and Health")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-black-vegan-revolution-empowerment-heritage-and-health.html "The Black Vegan Revolution: Empowerment, Heritage, and Health")           ####  [The Black Vegan Revolution: Empowerment, Heritage, and Health](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-black-vegan-revolution-empowerment-heritage-and-health.html "The Black Vegan Revolution: Empowerment, Heritage, and Health")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-black-vegan-revolution-empowerment-heritage-and-health.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html)       ### Departments  - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html)     - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html)       ### Regions  - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - [Contacts](https://ivu.org/contact-ivu.html)       ### Blogs  - [Cynthia Schuck](https://ivu.org/cynthia-schuck.html) - [John Davis](https://ivu.org/john-davis.html) - [Marly Winckler](https://ivu.org/marly-winckler.html) - [Vegan Food Academy](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page.html) - [Login](https://ivu.org/login-2.html)

## Schema

```json
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