---
title: "Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo? - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo?: Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo? por Suzzane Holden , dietista de Triangle Vegetarian Society (TVS) Aquellos lo suficientemente afortunados de haber sido conmovidos por la naturaleza amable y altruista de Suzzane, no se sorprenderán de saber que ella"
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6725:spanish-trans-tvs-milk&catid=297"
date: "2026-11-06T00:01:27+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo?

![Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo?](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/spanish-trans-tvs-milk.png)| **Leche… ¿Hace bien a nuestro cuerpo?**   por *Suzzane Holden*, dietista   de **Triangle Vegetarian Society (TVS)***Aquellos lo suficientemente afortunados de haber sido conmovidos por la naturaleza amable y altruista de Suzzane, no se sorprenderán de saber que ella está esperando una asignación de dos años con Los Cuerpos de la Paz. Ella ha dejado el Triángulo, para pasar más tiempo con su familia y ser una esperanzada voluntaria con las asociaciones vegetarianas amigas, mientras tanto. Los mejores deseos para Suzzane y una cariñoso adiós, hasta que vuelva!. -- Dilip*.  ---  *“La leche hace huesos fuertes”, “El alimento perfecto de la naturaleza”, “¿Tomaste leche?”...* Estamos todos familiarizados con la propaganda del Consejo Nacional de la Leche. La mayoría de los americanos consumen productos lácteos diariamente y creen que la carencia de productos lácteos en la dieta pone su salud en alto riesgo. Sin embargo, cuando lo analizamos con más detalle, la verdad es justo lo contrario. Los productos lácteos están llenos de contaminantes y su consumo ha sido asociado a varios problemas de salud. Dejando de lado argumentos éticos y otros en contra del consumo de leche, veamos lo referente al tema de la salud.  ### Osteoporosis  Debes haber escuchado que el consumo de leche previene la osteoporosis, el debilitamiento de los huesos. Lo que el Consejo de la Leche ha descuidado decirnos convenientemente, es que los porcentajes de osteoporosis son más altos entre los más grandes consumidores de leche – las naciones occidentales industrializadas (1).  La verdad es que la osteoporosis es una enfermedad que involucra el balance del calcio, antes que una mera deficiencia de él. El equilibro total del calcio se ve afectado por la absorción del calcio (15%), el calcio ingerido (11%) , la excreción fecal del calcio (23%), y la excreción urinaria del calcio (51%) (2). Minimizar la pérdida de calcio puede ser difícil para aquellos que se rigen por la dieta americana estándar (S.A.D), pero aquellos que eligen una dieta a base de vegetales están en una situación diferente. Las investigaciones han demostrado en repetidas ocasiones que una ingesta alta de proteínas incrementa la pérdida urinaria de calcio. Sin sorpresa, la mayoría de los omnívoros americanos consumen el doble de la ración dietética recomendada (RDA) para la proteína. Otros culpables dietéticos son la ingesta excesiva de Sodio (3) y de cafeína (4). Así pues, si bien los productos lácteos son una buena fuente de calcio, el consumo de leche simplemente no corrige las causas subyacentes de la osteoporosis en América. ¡Piense en ello como depositar dinero en una hucha con un hoyo en el fondo!  ### El tema del calcio  Es probable que los individuos que consumen una dieta basada en vegetales, moderada en proteínas y baja en sal, tengan menos necesidades de calcio que aquellos que consumen la S.A.D. De todas formas, hasta que no hayan sido hechas más investigaciones es conveniente que los veganos procuren alcanzar la RDA para el consumo de calcio. Esto se logra fácilmente con el consumo diario de alimentos vegetales ricos en calcio y bajos en oxalato.  Los vegetarianos estrictos deben asegurarse de consumir un adecuado nivel de vitamina D, la cual participa en la absorción de calcio. Buenas fuentes son los productos enriquecidos con vitamina D (como las leches de soja y de arroz , así como ciertos cereales de desayuno) y la exposición de la cara y las manos a la luz del sol durante 10 a 15 minutos a la semana. También es importante para todos los americanos, al margen de sus preferencias dietéticas, incorporar actividad física en su rutina diaria con el fin de construir y mantener huesos fuertes.  **Algunos alimentos vegetales ricos en calcio**: Brócoli, berzas, nabo, hojas de mostaza, col, repollo chino (bok choy), tofú cuajado con calcio, bebidas de arroz o soya enriquecidas, zumo de naranja enriquecido, melazas oscuras, higos.  ### Cáncer de Ovario  La galactosa, un azúcar simple resultante al descomponer la lactosa de la leche, ha sido asociado con el cáncer de ovario (5). Se ha estimado que el 10% de la población carece de la enzima responsable de metabolizar la galactosa, conduciendo a la acumulación de dicho azúcar en órganos como los ovarios. Se cree que esto desencadena una serie de fenómenos que conducen al aumento en los niveles de hormonas en circulación, lo que puede promover el cáncer de ovario (6). Los alimentos con los mayores contenidos de lactosa son el yogurt, la leche descremada, los helados y el queso fresco.  ### Cáncer de mama  Las tasas de cáncer de mama han sido correlacionadas con la ingesta de productos lácteos en diversos estudios hechos a poblaciones. De acuerdo con el Comité de Médicos por una Medicina Responsable (PCRM), la leche de vaca es un “cóctel de sustancias químicas provocadoras de enfermedades” y hay varias hipótesis que asocian el cáncer con el consumo de leche. (7) Se sabe que el exceso de estrógeno incrementa la reproducción de las células cancerosas. No sólo la leche contiene vestigios de estrógenos de la vaca, sino que la grasa contenida en la leche, como en cualquier alimento, aumenta la producción de estrógenos en el cuerpo de la mujer. La leche también es rica en IGF–1, un factor de crecimiento que provoca la multiplicación de células cancerosas en estudios realizados en tubo de ensayo; aún no sabemos hasta qué punto los humanos absorbemos el factor IGF–1 de la leche de vaca. Añadiendo problemas potenciales, ahora muchas granjas lecheras usan BGH (hormona de crecimiento bovino), la cual aumenta la concentración de IGF–1 en la leche, para aumentar la producción de leche.  ### Anemia  Si los niños son alimentados con leche de vaca, se pueden producir pérdidas de sangre en el intestino, provocando anemia (8). En los niños, la deficiencia de hierro puede aparecer como consecuencia de una excesiva ingesta de leche de vaca ya que ello desplaza a otros alimentos ricos en hierro en la dieta. Además los nutricionistas sugieren a menudo que los individuos anémicos no consuman leche junto con los alimentos ricos en hierro ya que el calcio puede reducir significativamente la absorción de hierro(9).  ### Intolerancia a la lactosa  Aproximadamente 2/3 de la población mundial no puede digerir el azúcar de la leche, la lactosa (10). Los síntomas comunes experimentados después del consumo de leche incluyen hinchazón, gases, diarrea y nausea. En muchas partes del mundo no se consumen productos lácteos o bien juegan un rol limitado en la dieta.  ### Cataratas  Se ha especulado que el metabolito de la lactosa, la galactosa, juega un rol importante en la formación de cataratas (11). La galactosa se convierte en galactitol, lo cual se cree que daña la estructura de la lente del ojo, produciendo cataratas (12).  ### Diabetes Mellitus insulino–dependiente  Los bebés genéticamente susceptibles que consumen leche de vaca aumentan su riesgo de contraer diabetes juvenil en su niñez. Una proteína específica que se encuentra en los productos lácteos, podría desatar una reacción inmune que destruye las células productoras de insulina del páncreas (13). Un estudio encontró que los niños que consumen leche regularmente, tienen el doble de riesgo de padecer diabetes. (14) Sin embargo, estas investigaciones todavía no son concluyentes.  ### Cólicos  Algunos bebés son sensibles a las proteínas de la leche de vaca y experimentan cólicos como resultado del consumo de leche. Su molestia resulta de la alimentación con leche de vaca, fórmula infantil a base de leche o leche materna de una madre que consume leche de vaca (15).  ### Alergias y asma  Es sabido que la leche es un alérgeno común. De acuerdo con el PCRM, problemas respiratorios, enfermedades de la piel, pequeñas ulceraciones dolorosas, u otros problemas de salud pueden ser provocados por la ingesta de productos lácteos. Para quienes padecen de asma y alergia, puede valer la pena intentar eliminar los productos lácteos de la dieta, durante un periodo de prueba.  ### Enfermedad Cardíaca  La mayoría de los productos lácteos contienen grasas saturadas, lo cual está fuertemente asociado a la enfermedad cardíaca. Algunos prefieren la margarina en vez de la mantequilla, pero la margarina ha sido hidrogenada haciendo que contenga grasas trans no naturales, las cuales también se han asociado con la enfermedad cardíaca. Todas las grasas (incluso mantequilla, margarina u aceite) contienen aproximadamente 13 g grasa/T, pero cuanto más líquida es la grasa, menor porcentaje de saturadas contiene. Las grasas monoinsaturadas como los aceites de oliva, canola y cacahuete son mejores para el corazón que las grasas saturadas. La mejor apuesta es dejar la mantequilla y la margarina, y preferir el aceite de oliva extra virgen o las cremas no hidrogenadas o mejor aún, simplemente disfrutar el sabor natural de los alimentos!.  ### Otras Consideraciones  - Los pesticidas procedentes de los piensos se concentran en la carne animal y luego son excretados en la leche. - La gente que consume productos de animales alimentados con antibióticos pueden adquirir resistencia antibiótica. - La leche es fortificada con vitamina D, la cual es peligrosa en altas dosis. (Sin embargo, cuando es sintetizada por nuestra piel durante la exposición al sol, no es peligrosa). En 1992 ocho personas fueron diagnosticadas con hipervitaminosis D, después de haber bebido leche fortificada inadecuadamente (16). Existe preocupación respecto a que la vitamina no puede ser mezclada adecuadamente cuando se está fortificando una gran cantidad de leche. El New England Journal of Medicine reportó que tan sólo el 12% de 42 muestras de leche analizadas, se encontraban dentro del rango esperado de nivel de vitamina D (17).  En nuestra sociedad el beber leche es una norma cultural que la mayoría de las personas no cuestiona. Sin embargo, desafía la racionalidad dar por supuesto que una persona, además de un ternero, tiene la necesidad fisiológica de consumir leche de vaca. ¡Parece que los bigotes de leche más prudentes de llevar son aquellos hechos con leche de soya, arroz, almendra o avena!  ---  ***Referencias:***   1\. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1992;50:14-18.    2\. NIH Consensus Conf. on Optimal Calcium Intake June 1994 Bethesda, MD.    3\. J Hypertens. 1993;11:781-785.    4\. J Lab Clin. Med. 1982; 99:46-55.    5\. Lancet. 1989; 2:66-71.    6\. PCRM: Good Medicine: Autumn 1996 p.13    7\. PCRM: Good Medicine: Winter 1997 pp. 12-15.    8\. J Pediatr. 1981; 98: 540-545.    9\. Eur J. Clin Nutr. 1991; 46: 317-327.    10\. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1989; 23: 963-980.    11\. Nutr Rev. 1979; 37: 337-343.    12\. Nature(London) 1959; 184: 194-195.    13\. Diabetes Care 1993; 17: 13-19.    14\. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 1488-1490.    15\. Pediatrics 1991; 87(4): 439-444.    16\. NEJM 1992: 326: 1173-1177.    17\. NEJM 1992: 326: 1178-1181.  | \|  \| \|---\|---\|  A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 982    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Famous Vegetarians: People Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-people-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Film and Television](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Bollywood](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-bollywood.html) - [European Vegetarian Actors](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-europe.html) - [Vegetarian Television Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-tv-index.html) - [Vegetarian Radio Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-radio-index.html) - [Vegetarian Models and Fashion Designers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-models-index.html) - [Vegetarian Rock and Pop Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-index.html) - [Vegetarian Classical, Jazz, Folk and Country Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-classic.html) - [Vegetarian Punk, Hip-Hop and Reggae Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-punk.html) - 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[Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html)      ###  2000 Toronto Congress Archive   - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html)      ###  Vegetarian Societies and IVU History   - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - ####  [Lemony Chickpea Soup](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/lemony-chickpea-soup.html "Lemony Chickpea Soup")            [Mediterranean ](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/mediterranean.html) [Syria](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/syria.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) - [![Kashata Na Nazi (Ugandan Coconut Candy)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/kashata-na-nazi--ugandan-coconut-candy--1776961193_643554a84f81767bca8a6fcd8bfa53e2.jpg "Kashata Na Nazi (Ugandan Coconut Candy)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/kashata-na-nazi-ugandan-coconut-candy.html "Kashata Na Nazi (Ugandan Coconut Candy)")           ####  [Kashata Na Nazi (Ugandan Coconut Candy)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/kashata-na-nazi-ugandan-coconut-candy.html "Kashata Na Nazi (Ugandan Coconut Candy)")            [Desserts](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/deserts.html) [Snacks](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snacks.html) [Tanzania](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/tanzania.html) [Uganda](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/uganda.html) - [![Chimol (Salvadoran Radish Salsa)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/chimol--salvadoran-radish-salsa--1793579259_09e4482b94f97e0482d7593d9670a8f4.jpg "Chimol (Salvadoran Radish Salsa)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/chimol-salvadoran-radish-salsa.html "Chimol (Salvadoran Radish Salsa)")           ####  [Chimol (Salvadoran Radish Salsa)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/chimol-salvadoran-radish-salsa.html "Chimol (Salvadoran Radish Salsa)")            [El Salvador](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/el-salvador.html) [Sauces](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/sauces.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![Seasonal Eating](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/seasonal_eating_f71df00813215baee3a91767ce730552.jpg "Seasonal Eating")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/seasonal-eating.html "Seasonal Eating")           ####  [Seasonal Eating](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/seasonal-eating.html "Seasonal Eating")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/seasonal-eating.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - 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