---
title: "¡La Leche de Vaca! - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "¡La Leche de Vaca!: de Toronto Vegetarian Association La leche ha gozado del incuestionable estatus de saludable durante décadas, pero ahora está en riesgo porque estudios recientes señalan algunas desventajas nutricionales serias. Los seres humanos no tienen absolutamente"
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6711:spanish-trans-tva-cowsmilk&catid=297"
date: "2026-11-06T00:01:33+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  ¡La Leche de Vaca!

![¡La Leche de Vaca!](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/spanish-trans-tva-cowsmilk.png)| **¡La Leche de Vaca!**   de **[Toronto Vegetarian Association](http://www.veg.ca/)**La leche ha gozado del incuestionable estatus de saludable durante décadas, pero ahora está en riesgo porque estudios recientes señalan algunas desventajas nutricionales serias.  Los seres humanos no tienen absolutamente ninguna necesidad nutricional de la leche de vaca *-Michael Klaper, MD*  **Problemas con la Leche**  De acuerdo a Frank A. Oski, MD, Director de Pediatría en la Universidad John Hopkins (1)   Puede haber una relación entre la leche y la diabetes dependiente a la insulina. Además, los bebés pueden sufrir pérdida de sangre en su tracto intestinal, agotando su cuerpo de hierro.   La leche es deficiente en hierro.   La leche, es una causa común de alergias y problemas digestivos, particularmente entre personas de ascendencia Africana o Asiática, que carecen de la enzima requerida para digerir el azúcar de la leche, la lactosa.  **Otros Problemas**   Los productos lácteos son deficientes en fibra y están sobrecargados de grasa y colesterol.   La leche es una fuente concentrada de proteína. Irónicamente, el excesivo consumo de alimentos altos en proteínas tales como los productos lácteos pueden contribuir a la osteoporosis.  **Tendencias**  Canadá tiene uno de los índices más altos de consumo de leche en el mundo, pero tal vez no por mucho tiempo. El consumo de leche ha caído de 109 litros por persona al año en 1980 a 103.75 litros. Hace treinta años el consumo de mantequilla era de ocho kilogramos al año; ahora a bajado a menos de tres kilogramos. Esto va paralelo a la caída en la incidencia de enfermedades coronarias en los pasados 25 años.  La industria lechera tuvo ventas de 7.2 billones de dólares en 1990.  ---  **Por Stephen Leckie   Revisado por Mark Fromberg, MD**  El experto en cuidado de niños, el Dr Benjamin Spock, 89, antes abogaba por tomar leche de vaca, se ha unido a varios doctores en cuestionar el valor nutricional y alertar sobre una posible relación entre la diabetes juvenil y alergias. La leche materna es el mejor alimento de leche para los bebés", dijo el Dr. Spock.  El Dr. Spock fue apoyado por el Dr. Frank Iski, director de pediatría de la Universidad John Hopkins y el Dr. Neal Barnard, presidente del Comité de Médicos por una Medicina Responsable que cuenta con 2000 miembros. En una conferencia de prensa el 28 de septiembre de 1992, el Dr. Oski declaró que el valor que se le da a la leche de vaca como una fuente de calcio es exagerado, generalmente está contaminada con rastros de antibióticos que causan alergias, problemas digestivos y ha sido relacionada con la diabetes juvenil. (2)  Los problemas de salud asociados con la leche de vaca tal vez no son tan sorprendentes, si uno considera que los seres humanos son la única especie que toma la leche materna de otra especie, y la única especie que toma leche después de la infancia. La leche de vaca entera está adaptada para cubrir las necesidades nutricionales de los terneros, que deben doblar su peso en 47 días y aumentar a 300 libras en un año. La leche de vaca contiene el triple de proteínas que la leche humana, y casi el 50% más de grasa.  **Lactosa y Alergias**  Después de los cuatro años de edad, la mayoría de la gente del mundo desarrolla una intolerancia hacia la lactosa, la incapacidad de digerir el azúcar de la leche, lactosa. Si consumen productos lácteos después de los cuatro años puede causarles diarrea, gases y cólicos. (3) Hasta el 20% de los Canadienses son intolerantes a la lactosa, mientras que otros, del 5% a 10% pueden tener alergias a las proteínas de la leche. De acuerdo con el Dr. Milos Krajny, secretario de la Sociedad de Alergias de Ontario. (4)  Virtualmente, todos los principales estudios sobre las alergias implican a la leche y los productos lácteos como el líder alimenticio alergénico. El Dr. Krajny, simplemente recomienda a sus pacientes evitar la leche durante un periodo de prueba. Las típicas quejas de sus pacientes son: migrañas, escurrimiento post nasal, infecciones del oído, problemas gastrointestinales y asma. "Les pido a las personas que dejen de tomar leche y el 70% de ellos (se sienten) fantásticamente después de dejarlo". (4)  **Carne Líquida**  La leche de vaca y otros productos lácteos son altos en grasa y colesterol. La industria lechera muy inteligentemente da el contenido de grasa como un porcentaje del peso. Usando este sistema, el 2% de la leche, que es 87% de agua por peso, suena como un producto bajo en grasas. Expresado como un porcentaje total de calorías, el 2% de leche es de hecho el 31% de grasa. La leche entera es el 49% de grasa. El yoghurt es el 49% de grasa, el queso es un 60-70% de grasa y la mantequilla es 100% grasa.  John A. McDougall, MD, llama a los alimentos lácteos "carne líquida" porque su contenido nutricional es muy similar a la carne. El consumir alimentos altos en grasa contribuye al desarrollo de enfermedades del corazón, algunos cánceres y paros — los tres asesinos más mortales del país.  **Calcio y Osteoporosis**  La osteoporosis es la pérdida de hueso debida a la reabsorción del calcio, que, al contrario de lo que la industria lechera aconseja, no es detenido o prevenido al incrementar el consumo de calcio, sino al bajar el consumo de proteínas. Los alimentos altos en proteína, como la carne, los huevos y los productos lácteos roban el calcio del cuerpo causando un exceso de pérdida de calcio a través de los riñones, haciendo trabajar más los riñones y causando la pérdida de minerales como el calcio. (5). Sociedades con poco o ningún consumo de lácteos ni proteínas animales demuestran una baja incidencia de osteoporosis. (6) Los vegetarianos y veganos en Norteamérica también tienen un menor promedio de incidencia de osteoporosis. (7)  Necesitamos calcio en nuestra dieta, pero se puede obtener suficiente calcio fácilmente de muchas fuentes no lácteas. El agua del grifo generalmente contiene suficiente calcio. Todos los vegetales verdes contienen calcio, así como todas los frutos secos, legumbres y frijoles. Las semillas de sésamo crudas contienen más calcio que cualquier otro alimento en la tierra. La mayoría de la fruta también contiene calcio.  **Diabetes y Bebés**  Un estudio reciente de los patrones del consumo de leche concluyó que el tomar leche de vaca durante la infancia puede provocar la diabetes juvenil.(8) El estudio sugiere que el consumo de leche provoca la destrucción de las células que producen la insulina del páncreas por el sistema inmune del cuerpo. El estudio se llevó a cabo junto con investigadores en Toronto y Finlandia.  La relación entre la diabetes y la leche de vaca se sospechó porque las poblaciones con altos índices de consumo de leche (como los Finlandeses) también tiene los más altos índices de esta enfermedad. También las historias clínicas de gemelos idénticos han demostrado que si uno de los gemelos obtiene diabetes tipo 1, sólo hay un 50% de probabilidad de que el otro gemelo también lo tenga. Ya que los gemelos idénticos tienen la misma carga genética, esto sugiere que la diabetes no puede deberse sólo a la genética.  **Cataratas**  También hay una creciente evidencia sobre la relación entre el consumo de leche y las cataratas. De acuerdo a estudios científicos, las poblaciones humanas que consumen grandes cantidades de productos lácteos tienen una mayor incidencia de cataratas que aquellos que evitan los productos lácteos. (9)  Es la galactosa en la leche lo que se sospecha cause los problemas. Se ha asociado los altos niveles de galactosa en el flujo sanguíneo con la formación de cataratas. (10) La Galactosa también se ha implicado en el cáncer de ovarios. Las mujeres con esta enfermedad demuestran un mayor consumo de productos lácteos, particularmente yoghurt, comparado con mujeres sin cáncer de ovarios. (11)  La mayoría de los canadienses han crecido creyendo que los alimentos lácteos son saludables. Esto se debe principalmente a la sabiduría convencional, ya pasada de moda, pero también es el resultado de una campaña de publicidad muy exitosa por parte de la industria lechera. En contra de los hechos científicos y la lógica común, nos han convencido de que el alimento de los terneros es esencial para una buena alimentación humana.  **Alternativas a los Lácteos**  Hay muchos productos veganos deliciosos disponibles hoy en día que son similares en textura y apariencia a los productos lácteos. Busca en las tiendas naturistas una variedad de leches de soja, de arroz, de almendras, y helados sin lácteos. También se puede encontrar queso de soja pero la mayoría de las variedades contienen la proteína de la leche, caseína. En lugar de ponerle mantequilla al pan usa un brochazo o cucharada de aceite vegetal, como canola, semillas de linaza o aceite de oliva. Los chocolates amargos, el sorbete y muchos panes por lo general no contienen lácteos pero consulta las etiquetas primero.  ---  "Las mujeres Bantú de Africa son un excelente ejemplo de buena salud. Su dieta está libre de leche y sin embargo cuentan con 250-400mg. de calcio de fuentes vegetales, que es la mitad del consumo entre las mujeres occidentales. Las mujeres bantú comúnmente tienen 10 bebés durante su vida y amamantan a cada uno de ellos durante unos diez meses. Pero aún con este enorme drenaje de calcio y relativamente bajo consumo de calcio, la osteoporosis es relativamente desconocida entre estas mujeres". *- John Mc Dougall, MD*  ---  **References**  1. Citado de "Does milk do a body good?", *Toronto Star*, Oct. 1/92 2. "Dr. Spock sours on cow milk for babies", *Toronto Star*, Sept. 30/92 3. John A. McDougall, M.D., y Mary A. McDougall, *The McDougall Plan*, pp. 49-51 4. Citado en "Bossy gets her walking papers", *The Globe & Mail*, Oct. 31/92 5. "Effect of protein intake on calcium balance of young men given 500 mg calcium daily," *Journal of Nutrition*, 1974: 104: 695 "Protein-induced hypercalciuria: A long-term study," *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*, 1979: 32: 741 Also see McDougall, p. 100 6. "Geographic variations of senile osteoporosis," *Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery*, 1970: 52B: 667 7. *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*, 1983: 37: 453-6 8. "A bovine albumen peptid as a possible trigger of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus," *New England Journal Medicine*, July 30 1992, 327:302-7 30/92 9. "A geographic approach to senile cataracts: possible links with milk consumption, lactase activity and galactose metabolism," *Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1982*: 27(3): 257-264 10. "Lactose and cataracts in humans: a review," *Journal of Am. Coll. Nutr. 1991*: 10(1): 79-86 11. "Galactose consumption and metabolism in relation to the risk of ovarian cancer," *Lancet 1989*: 2: 66-71  ---  *Compilado por **Stephen Leckie**, Editor de Publicaciones para la Toronto Vegetarian Association, y vegano saludable (sin lácteos) durante los últimos seis años.*  | \|  \| \|---\|---\|  A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1010    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html)      ###  2000 Toronto Congress Archive   - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html)      ###  Vegetarian Societies and IVU History   - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![Iced Hibiscus Tea](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/iced-hibiscus-tea-1775654314_4e0f0c7b2ba574979950496ade387025.jpg "Iced Hibiscus Tea")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/iced-hibiscus-tea.html "Iced Hibiscus Tea")           ####  [Iced Hibiscus Tea](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/iced-hibiscus-tea.html "Iced Hibiscus Tea")            [Beverage](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/beverage.html) [Egypt](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/egypt.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![Greens with Pumpkin Seeds](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/greens-with-pumpkin-seeds-1777771704_ff6670520f0feff4c8999e84ef1aabb3.jpg "Greens with Pumpkin Seeds")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/greens-with-pumpkin-seeds.html "Greens with Pumpkin Seeds")           ####  [Greens with Pumpkin Seeds](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/greens-with-pumpkin-seeds.html "Greens with Pumpkin Seeds")            [Protein Rich](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/proteiin-rich.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Whole Food Plant Based](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/whole-plant-based.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) [South Africa](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/south-africa.html) - [![Algerian Rice Salad](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/algerian-rice-salad-1775493562_988129050cff0a72f62bfcf1a7d90dee.jpg "Algerian Rice Salad")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/algerian-rice-salad.html "Algerian Rice Salad")           ####  [Algerian Rice Salad](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/algerian-rice-salad.html "Algerian Rice Salad")            [Algeria](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/algeria.html) [Rice](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/rice.html) [salads](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/salads.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![Fake meats](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/burger_vegano_120cb8fd9a83d0a352981ee6640be7cf.jpg "Fake meats")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/fake-meats.html "Fake meats")           ####  [Fake meats](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/fake-meats.html "Fake meats")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/fake-meats.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - 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