--- title: "Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante - IVU - International Vegetarian Union" description: "Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante: Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante de Società Scientifica di Nutrizione Vegetariana (SSNV) La recombinación genética es un proceso biológico que se produce normalmente en" url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=6698:spanish-trans-ssnv-genetic&catid=297" date: "2026-11-05T23:57:19+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- # Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante ![Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/spanish-trans-ssnv-genetic.png)| **Ingeniería genética o tecnología del ADN recombinante** de **[Società Scientifica di Nutrizione Vegetariana (SSNV)](http://www.scienzavegetariana.it/)**La recombinación genética es un proceso biológico que se produce normalmente en todos los organismos, tras el cual se produce un cambio del genoma (patrimonio genético del que está dotado un organismo) y se verifica normalmente con la rotura y la reunión del ADN \[1\]. Hoy es posible crear moléculas recombinantes entre segmentos de ADN que no presentan homología y que pueden proceder de organismos diversos. Con el uso coordinado de las enzimas de restricción y de los vectores moleculares, es posible aislar una secuencia de ADN de cualquier organismo e inserirla en el ADN de otro. Las formas vivas que han sufrido tal transformación y que contienen un ADN extraño son llamadas transgénicas. Es quizás necesario abrir un paréntesis para aclarar el hecho de que la clonación \[2\] de la oveja Dolly no se ha obtenido con técnicas de ingeniería genética. Dolly es solamente un gemelo idéntico, como los que se observan en la naturaleza, aunque estos últimos son "más" idénticos en cuanto que comparten también el material genético contenido en las mitocondrias \[3\]. Las técnicas de clonación que permiten obtener gemelos idénticos consisten en sustituir el núcleo de la célula madre por un núcleo de un donante del cual se quiere hacer una copia. La célula obtenida de este modo dará origen a un embrión cuyas mitocondrias contendrán el ADN de la célula madre y no el contenido en las mitocondrias del organismo del cual se ha querido hacer la copia. En caso de gemelos idénticos obtenidos naturalmente, los dos individuos comparten todo el patrimonio genético incluido el mitocondrial. Cerrado este paréntesis necesario para subrayar la diferencia entre ingeniería genética y clonación, en la que no se manipula el ADN y no se interviene en el orden genético de los organismos, pasamos a describir los vectores moleculares necesarios para las operaciones de ingeniería genética. ### VECTORES MOLECULARES: Plásmidos, Bacteriófagos, Cósmidos Los vectores moleculares son secuencias de ADN de diferente naturaleza, que pueden reproducirse autónomamente y en los cuales es posible introducir otras secuencias nucleotídicas \[4\]. Deben ser de pequeñas dimensiones, deben poderse purificar fácilmente en gran cantidad y deben codificar una propiedad que puede ser usada para seleccionar las bacterias que han recibido el ADN a clonar. Ni la propiedad selectiva ni las funciones de reproducción deben ser inactivadas cuando el ADN extraño es introducido, el vector debe tener sitios únicos de ataque para diferentes encimas de restricción específicas, debe tener propiedades que permitan seleccionar moléculas de ADN recombinante y debe estar en grado de promover la expresión de las moléculas clonadas. Los vectores con estos requisitos han sido construidos desde los plásmidos y desde los fagos que se encuentran en la naturaleza. **Plásmidos** (Del Giudice 1987; Ayala y Kiger 1984; Maniatis et alii 1982 págs. 3-15) Los plásmidos son secuencias de ADN extracromosómicas \[5\] que tienen la capacidad de reproducirse autónomamente y, algunos, de pasar de una célula a otra y convertirse en parte integrante del cromosoma que los acoge. Los plásmidos llevan consigo genes en grado de conferir particularidades fenotípicas \[6\] a las bacterias que los contienen, como la resistencia a los antibióticos. El plásmido pBR 322 es el más ampliamente usado para clonar, es de pequeñas dimensiones y lleva los genes para la resistencia a los antibióticos ampicilina (amp) y tetraciclina (tet). Contiene un solo sitio de restricción \[7\] para el PstI en el interior del gen amp y sitios únicos de restricción para BamHI y SalI \[8\] en el interior del gen tet. La introducción de un gen en los sitios arriba citados determina la pérdida de la resistencia en los enfrentamientos de dichos antibióticos permitiendo, a través de la placa a reproducir \[9\], la selección de los clones que han recibido el nuevo gen. **Bacteriófagos** (Maniatis et alii, 1982, págs. 22-23, pág. 53) Los bacteriófagos son unos virus que infectan a las bacterias. Algunos de ellos (Lambda y M13) se han adaptado a las exigencias de los biólogos moleculares que han modificado oportunamente sus cromosomas para dotarlos de sitios de restricción específicos y han eliminado la parte del genoma que no es indispensable para la reproducción. **Cósmidos** (Del giudice, 1987; Maniatis et alii, 1982 pág. 47) Los cósmidos son unos vectores híbridos entre un plásmido, que proporciona la resistencia a los antibióticos, y una región del ADN de un bacteriófago llamada "cos" que le otorga sus particulares características. ### ENZIMAS USADAS EN INGENIERÍA GENÉTICA Las enzimas son estructuras proteicas dotadas de características y cualidades que las hacen indicadas para la realización de todas aquellas funciones biosintéticas y fisiológicas necesarias e indispensables para el mantenimiento de la vida. Si en una solución hay 1.000 compuestos diferentes, la enzima actúa sólo sobre uno o sobre unos pocos que tienen las características estructurales necesarias para ligarse al sitio catalítico \[10\] en términos de dimensión, forma, número, tipo de grupos químicos y su disposición espacial. Las endonucleasas (enzimas de restricción) son enzimas cuya función es reconocer y cortar el ADN extraño que puede haber infectado la célula bacteriana. Esta característica ha sido usada por los biólogos moleculares para cortar una molécula de ADN de un organismo en sitios particulares llamados “de restricción”. Sobre la base de los cortes efectuados se distinguen tres clases de endonucleasas y, por sus características, las ENDONUCLEASAS DEL TIPO II se consideran los mejores instrumentos para la tecnología del ADN recombinante. **Fases para la producción de un organismo transgénico** - El ADN donante es sometido a enzimas de restricción que lo cortan en fragmentos. - Las mismas enzimas se usan después para crear sobre el vector unos puntos de rotura complementarios en los que poder introducir el ADN a clonar. - Mediante la acción de las otras enzimas (Ligasas) se sueldan los fragmentos del ADN del donante que interesan (genes por determinadas proteínas) a los vectores. - El ADN recombinante está, en este momento, listo para ser introducido en las células. - La transferencia de las moléculas de ADN recombinante puede darse mediante la transformación o la transducción, procesos que se dan también en la naturaleza, o con nuevas técnicas como la electroporación y la transferencia mecánica de partículas. - Si el vector es compatible con el organismo en el que ha sido introducido, se obtendrá su reproducción y la del gen aislado en más copias (clonación), en relación al proceso de división celular. **Notas**\[1\] El ADN (Ácido Desoxirribonucleico) es una macromolécula constituida por dos filamentos cuyas unidades fundamentales, llamadas nucleótidas, se identifican con las letras A (Adenina), T (Timina), C (Citosina), G (Guanina). A, T, C, G constituyen un alfabeto de cuatro letras que llevan la información sólo si son dispuestas en secuencias precisas, así como las letras del alfabeto pueden contener información sólo si están organizadas en palabras y frases con significado. \[2\] El clon es un conjunto de células o de organismos genéticamente idénticos, derivados de un único progenitor y dotados del mismo patrimonio genético. \[3\] Las mitocondrias son orgánulos celulares que contienen un ADN distinto del contenido en el núcleo celular cuyos genes especifican proteínas para las funciones mitocondriales. \[4\] Las nucleótidas son las subunidades que constituyen el ADN. \[5\] El ADN de las bacterias está organizado en una estructura llamada cromosoma. \[6\] El fenotipo de un organismo es aquello que observamos del mismo, designa las características de un individuo en un momento dado de su historia y en un determinado ambiente. \[7\] Un sitio de restricción es el lugar físico en el que actúa una enzima de restricción provocando un corte del ADN. \[8\] BamHI, SalI y PstI son enzimas de restricción. \[9\] Método que permite aislar las cepas bacterianas que han sufrido la trasformación. \[10\] El sitio catalítico es la parte del la enzima en la que se produce la reacción química. < | \| \| \|---\|---\| A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly. Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value. - Hits: 1292 ### 1957 World Vegetarian Congress - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html) - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) ### Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html) ### 2000 Toronto Congress Archive - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html) ### Vegetarian Societies and IVU History - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - 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[Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html) ### Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) ### 2008 Dresden Congress Archive - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html) ### 2006 Goa Congress Archive - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html) ### 2004 Brazil Congress Archive - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html) ### Vegan Recipes - [![VEGAN STEAMED TOFU WITH MUSHROOMS AND GINGER](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/mon%2034_93b36d6105b15bb41b99d883b6326eed.jpg "VEGAN STEAMED TOFU WITH MUSHROOMS AND GINGER")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-steamed-tofu-with-mushrooms-and-ginger.html "VEGAN STEAMED TOFU WITH MUSHROOMS AND GINGER") #### [VEGAN STEAMED TOFU WITH MUSHROOMS AND GINGER](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-steamed-tofu-with-mushrooms-and-ginger.html "VEGAN STEAMED TOFU WITH MUSHROOMS AND GINGER") [Fake Meats (Tofu etc)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) - [![Madagascar Zucchini Skillet](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/madagascar-zucchini-skillet-1777409423_3ac89f3d7acbb7b55b28ef53a9265a7f.jpg "Madagascar Zucchini Skillet")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/madagascar-zucchini-skillet.html "Madagascar Zucchini Skillet") #### [Madagascar Zucchini Skillet](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/madagascar-zucchini-skillet.html "Madagascar Zucchini Skillet") [Rice](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/rice.html) [Madagascar](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/madagascar.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![VEGAN STIR-FRIED NOODLES](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20607_97c46ad6f0b843fb5a73669bd5b1e199.jpg "VEGAN STIR-FRIED NOODLES")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-stir-fried-noodles.html "VEGAN STIR-FRIED NOODLES") #### [VEGAN STIR-FRIED NOODLES](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-stir-fried-noodles.html "VEGAN STIR-FRIED NOODLES") [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Noodles](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/noodles.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) ### VFA Blog - [![Why You Should Incorporate Onions Into Your Diet](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/red_onions_588dc7c7940b87f125c2cc170238bece.jpg "Why You Should Incorporate Onions Into Your Diet")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/why-you-should-incorporate-onions-into-your-diet.html "Why You Should Incorporate Onions Into Your Diet") #### [Why You Should Incorporate Onions Into Your Diet](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/why-you-should-incorporate-onions-into-your-diet.html "Why You Should Incorporate Onions Into Your Diet") - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/why-you-should-incorporate-onions-into-your-diet.html) ### Science - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular ### History [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg) Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating") [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg) Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation") [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg) Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference") ### 2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html) - Archives by Language - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html) - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html) - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html) - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html) - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html) - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html) - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html) - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html) - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html) - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html) - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html) - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html) - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html) - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html) - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html) ### Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular 7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular 7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular 6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular 5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular 5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular 4558 downloads ### Nutrition - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular 603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular 2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular 3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular 4052 downloads ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults In 2 versions: - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html) [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html) ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Vegan Nutrition ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png) ### Presidents, Chair and Council - 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