--- title: "Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes - IVU - International Vegetarian Union" description: "Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes: Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes en los Estados Unidos: ¿contienen productos animales? Este artículo apareció originalmente en el Vegetarian Journal de Mar/Abr 97." url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5880:spanish-news-2-97-sugar&catid=280" date: "2026-11-06T00:19:44+00:00" language: "en-GB" --- # Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes **Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU)** | ![IVU logo](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/members/pics/ivu-con4.gif) | | |---|---| | **El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes en los Estados Unidos: ¿contienen productos animales?** Este artículo apareció originalmente en el Vegetarian Journal de Mar/Abr 97. Reproducido con el permiso del [Vegetarian Resource Group](http://www.vrg.org/) [**IVU News 2-97**](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5875:spanish-news-2-97-index&catid=280) - [*English*](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=5880:spanish-news-2-97-sugar&catid=280)--- **El Azúcar Refinado** Algunos vegetarianos evitan el azúcar refinado porque su procesamiento puede utilizar un filtro de huesos carbonizados. Un filtro de carbono activado, a veces fabricado con huesos, decolora el azúcar para hacerlo blanco mediante un proceso de absorción. Aunque los filtros de hueso son utilizados por algunas de las principales compañías azucareras, no son usados para producir todo el azúcar refinado. Los dos tipos principales de azúcar refinado producidos en los Estados Unidos son el de remolacha y el de caña. El azúcar de caña se produce principalmente en Florida, California, Luisiana, Hawaii y Texas. El azúcar de remolacha se produce en los estados situados en la parte central de los Estados Unidos. Gran parte de la caña de azúcar es realmente importada. Según los productores de azúcar de remolacha, los azúcares de la remolacha y de la caña son nutricionalmente equivalentes y generalmente no se puede apreciar ninguna diferencia en su sabor. Ambos se componen de sacarosa. La producción y venta de cada tipo de azúcar son aproximadamente iguales (1). Las refinerías de azúcar de remolacha nunca usan filtros de huesos en su proceso porque este tipo de azúcar no requiere un procedimiento extensivo de decoloración. El azúcar de remolacha puede ser refinado con un filtro principal de presión y un sistema de intercambio de iones. El azúcar de remolacha es popular en el Medio Oeste porque se produce en este área. Generalmente se le conoce como azúcar granulado. El azúcar de remolacha se está haciendo más corriente en los Estados Unidos debido a que el Gobierno Federal subvenciona esta industria. Casi todas las refinerías de azúcar de caña requieren el uso de un filtro específico para decolorar el azúcar y absorber los materiales inorgánicos. Este proceso de blanqueado sucede hacia el final del proceso de refinado del azúcar. El filtro puede ser de huesos calcinados, carbono granulado, o un sistema de intercambio de iones. El carbono granulado tiene una base de madera o carbón, y el intercambio de iones no necesita el empleo de ningún producto animal (2). Los huesos de vaca son el único tipo utilizado para obtener huesos carbonizados. Según la Asociación Azucarera y varios grandes productores de azúcar, todas las vacas han muerto por causas naturales y no provienen de la industria cárnica. Los huesos carbonizados no pueden ser producidos o comprados en los Estados Unidos (3). Los huesos carbonizados se obtienen de huesos de ganado procedente de Afganistán, Argentina, India y Pakistán. Los huesos blanqueados por el sol son comprados por comerciantes escoceses, brasileños y egipcios, que los venden a la industria azucarera de los Estados Unidos después de ser utilizados primero por la industria de la gelatina (4). Los huesos se calientan hasta una temperatura extremadamente alta, lo que provoca un cambio físico en la composición de los huesos. Los huesos se convierten en carbono puro antes de ser usados en una refinería. El azúcar refinado no contiene ninguna partícula de hueso y por tanto están certificados como kosher *(N. del T.: autorizado por la ley judía)*. Los huesos carbonizados simplemente quitan las impurezas del azúcar, pero no pasan a formar parte del mismo. Cada filtro individual de huesos carbonizados, como los de carbón granulado, puede ser usado durante varios años. Deben ser limpiados continuamente para eliminar los depósitos de azúcar. Las empresas que utilizan huesos carbonizados afirman que es más económicamente viable y eficiente que otros tipos de filtros (4). Muchas refinerías de caña usan huesos carbonizados. Domino, el mayor productor de azúcar de los Estados Unidos, emplea huesos carbonizados en el proceso de filtrado. Las refinerías de caña de Savannah Foods, el segundo mayor productor de azúcar, también usa huesos carbonizados. California and Hawaian Sugar emplea filtros de huesos además de filtros de carbono granulado e intercambio de iones. Todas estas empresas utilizan los huesos carbonizados en el proceso de refinado del azúcar moreno, el azúcar en polvo (azúcar mezclado con almidón de maíz) y del azúcar blanco. Algunas refinerías de caña no utilizan huesos. Refined Sugar, productores del Azúcar Jack Frost, afirman usar carbono granulado en lugar de huesos carbonizados por razones económicas. El azúcar Florida Crystal es un azúcar de caña que no ha pasado a través de huesos. Aunque el azúcar Florida Crystal posee un color pajizo, las impurezas han sido eliminadas. Algunas etiquetas de los envases de azúcar parecen indicar que el producto es azúcar puro, pero todo el azúcar comercial ha sido sometido a algún refinamiento. El azúcar puro genuino no puede ser comprado y vendido al consumidor general en los Estados Unidos según las regulaciones de la Food and Drug Administration, por no ser adecuado para el consumo humano. El azúcar Turbinado es un producto obtenido separando los cristales en bruto de la caña de azúcar en una centrifugadora y lavándolos con vapor. Según Domino Sugar, el azúcar turbinado no se pasa a través de un filtro de huesos porque su color moreno es conveniente. El refinado del azúcar conlleva una serie de fases, que incluyen la aclaración y un paso inicial en el que se añade jarabe de azúcar. Los agentes aclarantes son el hidróxido de calcio, el ácido fosfórico y la poliacrilomita. El azúcar empleado en el jarabe inicial es un azúcar bruto intermedio que todavía no ha pasado a través del filtro de huesos. Si tu única razón para no consumir azúcar refinado es el uso de huesos carbonizados, deberías considerar comprar azúcar que no haya sido pasado por esos filtros. El azúcar refinado de remolacha, que nunca emplea huesos, a menudo viene etiquetado como azúcar granulado fino. C & H produce un azúcar que no ha sido pasado por filtro de huesos. Está etiquetado como azúcar puro lavado. El azúcar de caña, que a veces usa filtro de huesos, se indica como azúcar de caña en el envase. **Melazas** Uno de los subproductos del refinado de azúcar es la melaza. La melaza que consumen los seres humanos se deriva sólo del azúcar de caña. Algunas melazas se obtienen hirviendo directamente la caña de azúcar. Muy diversas calidades de melaza corresponden con el sabor y el nivel de procesado de la melaza. La melaza negruzca es la melaza de calidad inferior de todas las existentes debido a sus cualidades de oscuro y amargo. Todas las melazas contenidas en alimentos graduados es no sulfurada (6). La melaza de azúcar de remolacha no es adecuada para el consumo humano por ser demasiado amarga. La melaza de remolacha se da a las vacas lecheras y otro ganado vacuno. El jarabe es añadido a su comida para hacerla más dulce. La melaza de remolacha se vende también a las industrias de la levadura (1). El jarabe de melaza que consumen los humanos no ha sido pasado a través de filtros de huesos ni de carbono. Alrededor del 95 por ciento de la melaza se separa antes de que el azúcar se pase a través del filtro de huesos o carbono. Cualquier melaza que ha pasado a través del filtro se usa para alimentar animales o para fermentación. Las empresas de la melaza suelen comprar su producto inicial a las refinerías de azúcar y después refinan más el jarabe. No utilizan ningún tipo de filtro porque no desean eliminar el color moreno (5). El azúcar moreno es básicamente azúcar refinado con melaza añadida. El azúcar moreno producido por la industria de la remolacha utiliza melaza de caña, pero esta melaza no ha pasado a través del filtro de huesos. Las empresas de la caña de azúcar que usan huesos carbonizados los utilizan para refinar azúcar moreno (6). **Sirope de arce** El sirope de arce es otro edulcorante que a veces puede preocupar a los veganos. El proceso de elaboración del sirope de arce requiere un agente para reducir la espuma del sirope añadiendo una pequeña cantidad de grasa al líquido. El proceso tradicional de reducción de la espuma en el sirope de arce incluía el uso de manteca de cerdo. Antiguamente, los productores locales colgaban grasa de cerdo sobre una cuba de sirope de arce y dejaban caer las gotas de grasa dentro del sirope. Otros empleaban leche, crema o mantequilla. Si utilizan productos animales en forma de manteca o leche, la cantidad es insignificante. Por ejemplo, de ocho a diez galones de sirope contendrán un cuarto de cucharadita de crema o una bolita de mantequilla del tamaño de un guisante. El aceite vegetal es un agente desespumante común. Puede ser aplicado al final de un palo de madera e introducido en la parte espumosa del sirope de arce. La mayoría de fabricantes de sirope de arce usan ahora aceite vegetal o desespumantes sintéticos en lugar de manteca de cerdo. Un desespumante comercial (llamado Atmos 300K) está compuesto de monoglicéridos y diglicéridos. Según WITCO, el productor de este desespumante, estos glicéridos se derivan de fuentes cárnicas y/o vegetales comestibles. Otra marca destacada de desespumante, el Reynolds Magic, también contiene monoglicéridos acetilados como ingrediente (7). Marcas bien conocidas de siropes de arce para tortitas, tales como Mrs. Butterworths o Log Cabin, generalmente contienen sólo entre el 2 y el 5 por ciento de sirope de arce. El sirope de maíz es el principal ingrediente de la mayoría de siropes para tortitas. El sirope de arce puro llevará una etiqueta de calidad que indicará 100 % sirope de arce puro (8). Puede resultar difícil determinar si una marca particular de sirope contiene un desespumante de origen animal o vegetal. La mayoría de siropes no usan manteca de cerdo, con la excepción de ciertos productos a pequeña escala. Las marcas que están certificadas como kosher, tales como Spring Tree o Maple Groves, no es probable que contengan productos animales en sus desespumantes. Holsum Foods, que producen sirope para tortitas, también usan aceites vegetales como agente desespumante, y su producto está etiquetado por cadenas alimentarias tales como Dominicks, Supervalue y Superfine. **Color Caramelo** Este caramelo no es un saborizante; es un agente colorante alimentario. El color caramelo se usa en casi todos los productos marrones. Los dos mayores consumidores de este colorante son Coca Cola y Pepsi. También se usa en el pan de centeno y de centeno integral, en cereales, en el té helado, en siropes, en comidas para perros y en mezclas para tortitas. El color caramelo está basado en un material puro de carbohidratos. La mayoría de productores de caramelo prefieren utilizar jarabe de glucosa como carbohidrato inicial. El jarabe de glucosa es casi dextrosa pura. Mientras que el jarabe de glucosa en los Estados Unidos es generalmente jarabe de maíz, también puede ser derivado de la patata, el trigo u otras fuentes. El color caramelo no posee componentes de origen animal. Aunque la lactosa (un azúcar de la leche) es uno de los carbohidratos reactivos permitidos, nos informó Sethness, la mayor empresa de color caramelo del mundo, de que la lactosa no es usada por ningún productor de caramelo en el mundo. Casi todas las empresas empiezan el proceso con jarabe de glucosa. El color caramelo está exento de la certificación gubernamental, lo que significa que es un aditivo alimentario aprobado que puede ser añadido a los alimentos sin obtener un permiso oficial. El carbohidrato inicial reacciona con sustancias químicas tales como ácidos alimentarios, álcalis y sales. Es entonces calentado a altas temperaturas, sometido a alta presión, y por último quemado. El producto resultante es un líquido de color tostado que posee un alto grado de poder colorante. Por ejemplo, según un técnico de esta sustancia, ¼ de cucharadita de color caramelo se usaría para una botella de Pepsi. El azúcar refinado de caña o remolacha puede ser usado para elaborar color caramelo, pero no es el método preferido. La única ocasión en que se usa azúcar es durante la Pascua judía, en que las leyes judías no permiten el uso de jarabe de maíz. Los productos que contienen color caramelo derivado de azúcar refinado estarían etiquetados como tales (9). **Bibliografía** 1. Western Sugar, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 2. Refined Sugar Inc., entrevista personal Julio 1996. 3. The Sugar Association, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 4. Domino Sugar, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 5. Malt Products, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 6. California and Hawaiian Sugar, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 7. Richards de Ohio (arce), entrevista personal Julio 1996. 8. Centro de Investigación de Proctor Maple, entrevista personal Julio 1996. 9. Sethness, entrevista personal Julio 1996. *- **Caroline Pyevich*** *\[Caroline escribió este artículo mientras realizaba una beca de colaboración con The Vegetarian Resource Group, que publica el Vegetarian Journal en el cual apareció este artículo originalmente.\] La dirección del sitio web de VRG: [http://www.vrg.org](http://www.vrg.org/)* --- *Lo siguiente apareció en un número posterior del Vegetarian Journal:* Nota del Editor: En el número de Marzo/Abril de 1997 del Vegetarian Journal, publicamos un artículo sobre el azúcar y otros edulcorantes. En aquel artículo afirmábamos que el azúcar de remolacha se suele etiquetar como "Azúcar Granulado" o "Azúcar Granular Fino". También afirmábamos que el azúcar de caña se distingue como "azúcar de caña" en el envase. Aunque estas afirmaciones son correctas, pueden resultar confusas para algunos lectores. Debido a las tergiversaciones de estas afirmaciones, contactamos con varios fabricantes de azúcar para clarificar el asunto. Esto es lo que Domino Sugar Corp., Savannah Foods & Industries, Inc., California & Hawaiian Sugar Co., y Florida Crystal Co. respondieron: Los términos "Azúcar Granulado" y "Azúcar Granulado Fino" pueden aplicarse tanto al azúcar derivado de remolacha como al de caña. El procesado de la caña de azúcar, a diferencia de la remolacha azucarera, a menudo conlleva la decoloración con huesos de vaca carbonizados. En segundo lugar, no hay ningún requisito legal de que el origen del azúcar se indique en la etiqueta. "Azúcar" es suficiente. Se debe contactar con el fabricante para determinar el origen y el método de procesamiento. Debemos afirmar, no obstante, que el azúcar de remolacha es más popular en el medio oeste (donde se cosecha la remolacha) que en ninguna otra parte de los Estados Unidos". --- - Consultar también la sección **Comida y Bebida** - del Indice de Artículos --- Toda contribución a IVU News será bienvenida. El material publicado no refleja necesariamente las opiniones del editor o la postura de la Unión Vegetariana Internacional. --- A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly. Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value. - Hits: 1224 ### 1957 World Vegetarian Congress - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html) - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) ### Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - [1897 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1897-index.html) - [1900 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1900-index.html) - [1908 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc08-index.html) - [1909 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc09-index.html) - [1910 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc10-index.html) - [1926 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc26-index.html) - [1932 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc32-index.html) - [1935 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc35-index.html) - [1938 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc38-index.html) - [1947 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc47-index.html) - [1949 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1949na-index.html) - [1950 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc50-index.html) - [1953 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc53-index.html) - [1955 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc55-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1960 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc60-index.html) - [1963 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc63-index.html) - [1965 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc65-index.html) - [1967 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc67-index.html) - [1971 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc71-index.html) - [1973 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc73-index.html) - [1975 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc75-index.html) - [1977 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc77-index.html) - [1979 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc79-index.html) - [1982 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc82-index.html) - [1984 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc84-index.html) - [1994 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc94-index.html) - [1996 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc96-index.html) - [1999 World Vegetarian Congress: Chiang Mai](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-index.html) - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) ### History of Vegetarianism - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Museum of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-museum.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [World Vegetarian Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [Famous Vegetarians: People Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-people-index.html) - [Vegetarian History Online Library](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-online-library.html) - [IVU Magazine Archives](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html) - [IVU Online News Archive](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-online-index.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-music.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Religion and Vegetarianism Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-books.html) - [Vegetarian Science Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-library.html) ### Vegetarian News and Periodical Archives - [IVU Magazine Archives](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html) - [IVU Online News Archive](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-online-index.html) - [Interviews with Vegetarian and Vegan Activists](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-online-interviews-index.html) - [European Vegetarian Union News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-evu-index.html) - [European Vegetarian News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-news-europe-archives.html) - [Nigerian Vegetarian News Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-nigeriaveg-newsarchive.html) - [The Vegetarian Newspaper: 1888-1903](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-europe19b-the-vegetarian.html) - [The British Vegetarian: 1959-1971](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-europe20b-british-vegetarian.html) - [The Vegetarian World Forum Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-news-periodicals-history-world-forum-index.html) ### Vegetarian Libraries and Historical Research - [Vegetarian History Online Library](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-online-library.html) - [Museum of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-museum.html) - [The Ethics of Diet: Book and Editions](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-williams-index.html) - [Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Monograph](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-shelley-monograph.html) - [The Vegetarian Movement in England: 1847-1981](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-thesis-index.html) - [English Vegetarian Movement: Thesis Bibliography](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-thesis-bibliography.html) - [Vegetarian Federal Union: 1897 Annual Report](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-history-vfu-1897-report.html) - [Historical Books on Animal Ethics](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-animals-books.html) - [Religious Vegetarian Books: Historical Library](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-books.html) - [How to Win an Argument with a Meat Eater: Booklet](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-religion-articles-argument.html) - [Historical Books on Vegetarian Science](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-library.html) - [Science Council of IVU: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-libraries-research-science-scivu-index.html) ### 1990s Regional Congresses and Thailand 1999 - [1999 World Vegetarian Congress: Chiang Mai](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Programme and Abstracts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-program-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Participant Profiles](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-profiles-index.html) - [1999 Thailand Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-thai99-index-old.html) - [1995 European Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-euro95-index.html) - [1997 European Vegetarian Congress: Bussolengo](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-euro97-index.html) - [1997 India and Far East Regional Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1999-congress-asia97-index.html) ### Vegetarian People, Arts and Culture - [Famous Vegetarians: People Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-people-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Film and Television](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Bollywood](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-bollywood.html) - [European Vegetarian Actors](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-europe.html) - [Vegetarian Television Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-tv-index.html) - [Vegetarian Radio Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-radio-index.html) - [Vegetarian Models and Fashion Designers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-models-index.html) - [Vegetarian Rock and Pop Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-index.html) - [Vegetarian Classical, Jazz, Folk and Country Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-classic.html) - [Vegetarian Punk, Hip-Hop and Reggae Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-punk.html) - [Vegetarian Politicians and Activists](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-politics-index.html) - [Vegetarian Sports Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-sports-index.html) - [Vegetarian Writers, Artists, Poets and Philosophers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-index.html) - [Vegetarian Religious Leaders and Mystics](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-religious.html) - [Vegetarian Scientists and Physicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-scientists.html) - [Vegetarian Quotations and Poetry](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-quotes-index.html) - [Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-music.html) - [Classical Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-classical.html) - [Jazz and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-jazz.html) - [Rock and Pop: Bands, Musicians and Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-rock.html) - [Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html) ### 2000 Toronto Congress Archive - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html) ### Vegetarian Societies and IVU History - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html) ### Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html) ### 2008 Dresden Congress Archive - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html) ### 2006 Goa Congress Archive - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html) ### 2004 Brazil Congress Archive - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html) ### Vegan Recipes - [![Pickled Okra](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/pickled-okra-1776965339_9228acafdb22e98b9b00f15cf175dd31.jpg "Pickled Okra")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/pickled-okra.html "Pickled Okra") #### [Pickled Okra](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/pickled-okra.html "Pickled Okra") [United States of America](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/united-states-of-america.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![Potato Choka](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/potato-choka-1793674161_8a968394bf9c851ea8d657a7fde4ddae.jpg "Potato Choka")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/potato-choka.html "Potato Choka") #### [Potato Choka](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/potato-choka.html "Potato Choka") [Guyana](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/guyana.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [Caribbean](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/caribbean.html) [South America](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/south-america.html) - [![VEGAN PAN BREAD](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/th10%20275_0457b20864e49efdb0b63d65d96a6a40.jpg "VEGAN PAN BREAD")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-pan-bread.html "VEGAN PAN BREAD") #### [VEGAN PAN BREAD](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-pan-bread.html "VEGAN PAN BREAD") [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [Vietnam](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/vietnam.html) [Stir Fry](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/fake-meats-tofu-etc-2.html) ### VFA Blog - [![Celebrating Christmas with Joy and Awareness: How to Make a Memorable Vegan Party](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/natal_vegano_2_0616400346d9543bba3d0e58a50b8112.png "Celebrating Christmas with Joy and Awareness: How to Make a Memorable Vegan Party")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/celebrating-christmas-with-joy-and-awareness-how-to-make-a-memorable-vegan-party.html "Celebrating Christmas with Joy and Awareness: How to Make a Memorable Vegan Party") #### [Celebrating Christmas with Joy and Awareness: How to Make a Memorable Vegan Party](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/celebrating-christmas-with-joy-and-awareness-how-to-make-a-memorable-vegan-party.html "Celebrating Christmas with Joy and Awareness: How to Make a Memorable Vegan Party") - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/celebrating-christmas-with-joy-and-awareness-how-to-make-a-memorable-vegan-party.html) ### Science - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular ### History [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg) Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating") [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg) Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation") [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg) Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference") ### 2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html) - Archives by Language - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html) - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html) - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html) - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html) - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html) - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html) - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html) - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html) - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html) - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html) - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html) - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html) - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html) - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html) - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html) - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html) - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html) ### Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular 7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular 7320 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular 6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular 5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular 5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular 4558 downloads ### Nutrition - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular 603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular 2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular 3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular 4052 downloads ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults In 2 versions: - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html) [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html) ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Vegan Nutrition ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png) ### Presidents, Chair and Council - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html) ### Departments - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html) - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html) ### Regions - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - [Contacts](https://ivu.org/contact-ivu.html) ### Blogs - [Cynthia Schuck](https://ivu.org/cynthia-schuck.html) - [John Davis](https://ivu.org/john-davis.html) - [Marly Winckler](https://ivu.org/marly-winckler.html) - [Vegan Food Academy](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page.html) - [Login](https://ivu.org/login-2.html) | ## Schema ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html?view=article&id=5880:spanish-news-2-97-sugar&catid=280","url":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html?view=article&id=5880:spanish-news-2-97-sugar&catid=280","name":"Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":[{"@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html#archive"},{"@id":"https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-news-magazine.html?view=article&id=5875:spanish-news-2-97-index&catid=280"}],"publisher":{"@id":"https://ivu.org/#organization"},"description":"Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes en los Estados Unidos: ¿contienen productos animales? Este artículo apareció originalmente en el Vegetarian Journal de Mar/Abr 97."}]} ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://ivu.org" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "History of IVU", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "History of the Vegetarian Societies", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=category&id=46" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "spanish", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=category&id=262" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "news", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=category&id=278" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "2-97", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=category&id=280" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 7, "name": "Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes", "item": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html" }, "headline": "Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes", "description": "Vegetarian News - El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes: Unión Vegetariana Internacional (IVU) El Azúcar y otros edulcorantes en los Estados Unidos: ¿contienen productos animales? Este artículo apareció originalmente en el Vegetarian Journal de Mar/Abr 97.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "International Vegetarian Union", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://ivu.org/images/logos/logo-ivu-tranparent-background.png" } }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Alex Fernandes", "url": "https://ivu.org/international-council.html" }, "datePublished": "2026-06-30T23:44:21+00:00", "dateCreated": "2026-06-25T01:40:03+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-10-08T00:56:20+00:00" } ```