---
title: "What is Vegetarianism? - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "What is Vegetarianism?: CHARLES BRANDT (At the instigation and encouragement of Prof. Sir Russell Wallace, and Bernard Shaw, 'Vital Problem' was the first of the author's works translated into English."
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3891:congress-wvc57-souvenir-brandt&catid=184"
date: "2026-11-06T00:20:21+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  What is Vegetarianism?

![What is Vegetarianism?](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/banners/congress-wvc57-souvenir-brandt.png)**What is Vegetarianism?**
 CHARLES BRANDT

 (At the instigation and encouragement of Prof. Albert Einstein. Sir Russell Wallace, and Bernard Shaw, 'Vital Problem' was the first of the author's works translated into English. Ernst Haeckel expressed approval of it. The author is an original thinker of renown.)The world "Vegetarianism" comes from the Latin "vegetus," which means quick, fresh, lively, lusty, sound. \[this has always been disputed and the more common consensus today is that this derivation was a late 19th century invention, though that does not necessarily diminish the accuracy of what follows . . . - ed\]

The Latin word " vegeo" means to be lusty and strong; "vegetabilis" : that which has life, grows, is comfortable, wholesome : "vegetandus" : to be quickened, or enlivened ; "vegetamen" : comfort, cherishment, enlivenment, principle of life, vital force; "vegetatio" a: refreshing, a making strong and lively; "vegetativus" : quickening; "vegetator"; n quickener, enlivener ; "vegeto" : to quicken or enliven, to make lively, lusty, quick, strong, to make sound, to refresh ; "vegetor": to be quickened or enlived (enlivened); "vegetare": to put in motion.

"Vegetus" comes from"vegere," and this from "vigere" which means to grow, to awake, to flourish, to develop, to create. "Vigeo " means to be awake, full of life, vigorous, to flourish, to stand high : ''vigesco": to wake up, to become full of life ; "vigil ": alert, wakeful, awake; "vigor": strength, vigor ; 'vita"; life ; "vigens": vigorous, strong.

Among old Romans, "vegeti oculi" (Suetonious, Caesar, 45) meant beautiful eyes ; "vegota libertas": freedom in all its strength ; "mons vegeta" (Cicero, Tusc. I, 17) a strong and sound soul; "Ingenium vegetum": a creating mind, a genius ; "homo vegetus": a healthy, strong, sound, and alert man. "Vegetior tauro aspectus quam bovi" (Col. 6, 20). "Intervallum temporis vegetissimum agricolis" (Plinius, 18, 65). "Qui viget mascatur armis ut percipiat praemium" (Paeuy, 22R). "Esse in deliciis summoque in honore vigere" (Lucretius, 4, 1156).

The Latin word "vigere" comes from the Sanskrit "vigra," strength ; "vigra" comes from '"vaksh," to grow, increase, become tall, to accumulate, to be great, strong, powerful. "Vakshayati" (Vedas) means to make grow, cause to increase, cause to be strong. The Sanskrit "vakshna" means strengthening, refreshing ; "vakshnni": making strong, strengthening ; and "vayas": energy, both bodily and mental ; "vaksh" is closely connected with the Zond word "uksh," which means to grow.

From the Sanskrit "vaksh" also comes the Teutonic word "wak," which means to quicken; and from that comes the German word "wacker," which means vigorous, dauntless, strong, healthy ; and the Swedish word "wacker" which means handsome, pretty, alive, courageous. The Indo-Germnn word "weg." "aweg," which means to put in motion, probably comes from tho Teutonic root "wak." We can say the same for the Gothic words "waken" and "wakjan," old German "wakken" and "wecken" which mean respectively, to match and to awake. It is remarkable to notice that the German word "wecken" corresponds to the Latin word "vigere" (to awake), and that the German word "wachen " corresponds to the Latin word "vigilare" (to watch). The German words "wacker," "wecken," "wuchen," and "wachsen," mean respectively: dauntless, to awake, to watch, and to grow.

All this shows us that the word "Vegetarianism" means *the idea of living, of increasing our strength, of improving our physical as well as our moral and intellectual health, in order that we attain happiness.* In other words, *"Vegetarianism" means the idea of promoting the law of the conservation of life, which is the basis of morals.*

From the Sanskrit "vaksh" probably comes the Greek word "hygies" : healthy. "Hygieinos," "hygieia" meant to the Greek people physical as well as spiritual health. So we see that hygiene, by preserving the health of the body, promotes the law of the conservation of life (morals). Therefore, "Vegetarianism" and "Hygiene" are one and the same thing, not only in a practical sense, but also because of the common origin of both words. Vegetarians are also sometimes called "Vigorists" in England, and in Germany "Lebensreformer," which means reformers of the method of life.

It seems to me very necessary to have said all this about the origin of the word "Vegetarianism," because most people, some vegetarians, and even many important dictionaries and encyclopedias have a wrong conception of this word. Almost all of them confound "Vegetarianism" with "Vegetalism," or rather , "Phytophagism," which is the true and more concrete name to term the partisan of a vegetable diet.

 I have consulted some of the most important Encyclopedias : *La Grand, Nouveau Larousse Illustre'e* and *Dictiounaire des Dictionnaires* (French); *Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana*: and the *Universal Encyclopedia* (English), *Brockhaus Konversations Lexikon*, and *Herders Konversations Lexikon* : (German); *Boccardo* (Italian); and also the *Webster*
 and the *Funk and Wagnalls* dictionaries (English) and all of them commit the mistake of confounding Vegetarianism with Vegetalism. With the exception of the Italian, all these encyclopedias devote a long and interesting article to Vegetarianism. Larousse begins his article as follows : "Systeme d'alimentation, dans lequel on supprime toutes les especes de viandes ou leurs derive's immediates ou meme tous les produits d'origin animal, dans un but soit prophylactic, soit curatif." (System of alimentation in which all kinds of meat or their products, or even all products of animal origin, are avoided with a prophylactic or with a curative aim.) The *Encyclopedia Britannica* (11th Edition) begins its article as follows: "Vegetarianism, a comparatively modern word, which came into use about the year 1847, as applied to the practice of living upon foods from which fish, flesh, and fowl are excluded." Of all dictionaries and encyclopedias, *Myer's Konversations Lexikon* (German, 16th Edition) is the only one which has given a true and exact definition of vegetarianism. His article on the subject begins as follows : "Vegetarismus (v. lat. Vegetus, gesund, munter), eine Lebensanschaung die darauf ausgeht, die Gesundheit des Koerpers und des Geistes und hiermit volleu Lebensgenuss sich zu verschaffen, ohne zugleich sich durch uble Gewohnheiten und Genussmittel zu shaedigen oder sittlich Sohuld auf sich zu nehmen." (Vegetarianism (from Latin Vegetus: healthy, cheery), a philosophy which aims at securing physical and mental health and thereby complete happiness, without at the same time taking harm through evil habits and luxurious living, or incurring moral guilt;.)

*Vegetalism*, or rather *phytophagism* (the idea of living on food of vegetable origin) and *vegetarianism* (a philosophical system based on the *law of the conservation of life*) are two different things. Their only connection is that, as we shall see later on in the chapter "Our Natural Food," *phytophagism* seems to be a condition of *vegetarianism*, since fruits and vegetables are the most natural, most healthful, most moral, most rational, and most convenient food for man's nature, and, therefore, that which best serves in man the purpose of promoting the law of the conservation of life.

Meat is the natural food for the tiger, and, therefore, it is that which best favours its development. So that a tiger eating meat can be considered as a good vegetarian, as a horse eating hay, or an ape eating fruits. If science were able to demonstrate that meat is the natural food for man, and therefore that which is the most suitable for him, then those who eat meat would be the only ones who could claim for themselves the right to be called vegetarians. We must remember that there are many plants which are harmful to man's nature, and even without mentioning the poisonous plants, we have many products which, in spite of being of vegetable origin, such as alcohol, coffee, tea, cocoa, etc. are harmful. On the other hand, water and fruits, contain germs (living beings), which vegetarians constantly swallow when they eat and drink, and even such plants as cabbage, lettuce, and potatoes possess life, which vegetarians destroy in order to nourish themselves. Thus we see that true and perfect vegetarians can devour certain living organisms which. like cabbage germs of water, etc., are favourable for their system. On the other hand, those people who take some foods of vegetable origin, such as alcohol, etc. for that sole reason could never be accepted in a vegetarian society. This shows that *vegetarianism* is not a simple question of vegetables versus meat, but a more important philosophical question which deals principally with morals and which embraces all other problems of mankind. Vegetarianism is not merely a question of food, but also of sun, air, light, water, nature, and principally of morals.

-from "THE VITAL PROBLEM"

 | A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1091    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - 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[Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![Ginger Beer (African)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/ginger-beer--african--1777321462_a2f126cce66e0e7943242244667220dc.jpg "Ginger Beer (African)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/ginger-beer-african.html "Ginger Beer (African)")           ####  [Ginger Beer (African)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/ginger-beer-african.html "Ginger Beer (African)")            [Beverage](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/beverage.html) [Drinks](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/drinks.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![Khalota (Algerian Vegetable Medley)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/khalota--algerian-vegetable-medley--1775658003_92761adb6b656a9b32fc274451f73458.jpg "Khalota (Algerian Vegetable Medley)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/khalota-algerian-vegetable-medley.html "Khalota (Algerian Vegetable Medley)")           ####  [Khalota (Algerian Vegetable Medley)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/khalota-algerian-vegetable-medley.html "Khalota (Algerian Vegetable Medley)")            [Algeria](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/algeria.html) [Protein Rich](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/proteiin-rich.html) [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) [Whole Food Plant Based](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/whole-plant-based.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html) - [![Egyptian Caramelized Leeks (Korrat)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/egyptian-caramelized-leeks--korrat--1775518004_1dcced1447f9da7007420314fae194fa.jpg "Egyptian Caramelized Leeks (Korrat)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/egyptian-caramelized-leeks-korrat.html "Egyptian Caramelized Leeks (Korrat)")           ####  [Egyptian Caramelized Leeks (Korrat)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/egyptian-caramelized-leeks-korrat.html "Egyptian Caramelized Leeks (Korrat)")            [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Egypt](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/egypt.html) [Starters & side dishes](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/snack-side-dishes.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/apples_7dada1018cce35df8a60eeb074fff411.jpg "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")           ####  [The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html "The Fruits Of History: The Fascinating History of Apple Cultivation")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/the-fruits-of-history-the-fascinating-history-of-apple-cultivation.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7320 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - [International Council](https://ivu.org/international-council.html)       ### Departments  - [Fund-raising](https://ivu.org/fund-raising.html) - [Global Health](https://ivu.org/global-health-department.html) - [Medicine and Nutrition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/medicine-and-nutrition.html) - [Policy Initiatives](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives.html)     - [Articles](https://ivu.org/policies-initiatives/policies-iniciatives-articles.html)       ### Regions  - [Europe](https://ivu.org/europe-union.html) - [Latin America](https://ivu.org/latin-america.html) - [North America](https://ivu.org/north-america.html) - [Africa](https://ivu.org/africa-continent.html) - [Asia-Pacific](https://ivu.org/asia-pacific-region.html) - [Asia-South & India](https://ivu.org/asia-south-west.html) - [Asia-West & Middle East](https://ivu.org/asia-west-middle-east.html) - [Contacts](https://ivu.org/contact-ivu.html)       ### Blogs  - [Cynthia Schuck](https://ivu.org/cynthia-schuck.html) - [John Davis](https://ivu.org/john-davis.html) - [Marly Winckler](https://ivu.org/marly-winckler.html) - [Vegan Food Academy](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page.html) - [Login](https://ivu.org/login-2.html)

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