---
title: "Why Environmentalists Aren't Vegetarian - David Pye, Edinburgh 2002 - IVU - International Vegetarian Union"
description: "Why Environmentalists Aren't Vegetarian - David Pye, Edinburgh 2002: International Vegetarian Union (IVU) 35th World Vegetarian Congress 'Food for all our futures' Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland July 8-14, 2002 Hosted by The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom Why environmentalists aren’t vegetarian by David Pye, IVU Treasurer,"
url: "https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html?view=article&id=3302:congress-2002-texts-david2&catid=116"
date: "2026-11-06T00:08:14+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

#  Why Environmentalists Aren't Vegetarian - David Pye, Edinburgh 2002

**International Vegetarian Union (IVU)** | ![IVU logo](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/members/pics/ivu-con1.gif) | 35th World Vegetarian Congress    **'Food for all our futures'**   ---   Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland    July 8-14, 2002 | Hosted by    [![](https://ivu.org/images/legacy/history/congress/2002/bluelogo.gif)    **The Vegetarian Society    of the United Kingdom**](http://www.vegsoc.org/)**Why environmentalists aren’t vegetarian**  by David Pye, IVU Treasurer, VSUK Trustee    Thursday, plenary session. |
|---|---|---|
 | First of all I want to say that the subject of this talk is not intended to alienate environmentalists but rather to look at the reasons why such dedicated folks turn a blind eye to what must seem to this audience to be a natural progression for anyone concerned about the future of this planet and its descendents. So why is it that vegetarianism causes the environmentalists blinkers to be applied? Well I have been in the environmental movement for over 15 years now spending a lot of time in the early years with the UK Green party, standing as a candidate in many local elections and helping to form policy. I first became acutely aware of these blinkers back in the late 1980s at a Green party conference in Wolverhampton. A group of us had gone to a nearby coffee shop and were discussing green politics and environmental issues. I was chatting away to a party activist when the subject of vegetarianism came up and I mentioned that I was a vegetarian. My acquaintance immediately announced that although he thought it was a good idea in principle he stated.  ‘*I haven’t got time to be a vegetarian, I am far to busy saving the planet’.*  Well I have no doubt that he was very busy saving the planet and has probably advanced the environmental cause but at the expense of ignoring one of the most fundamental and simple ways that a person can make a positive effect on the environment. This is a good example of how the ‘eco blinkers’ can be applied and justified.  Another reason I have come across that busy environmentalists use to justify their meat eating is too state that ‘*I am not really interested in food I only eat because I have too!*’ Such a singular lack of interest in food except as bodily sustenance is used as an excuse to ignore the arguments for vegetarianism.  This whole issue came home to me quite recently. I am a Trustee of an environmental charity and the charity is looking to merge with another environmental organisation. I am negotiating along with two other trustees to agree a common set of aims with representatives of the other organisation. My charity has a charter which includes a very general clause ‘to protect both wild and domesticated animals from abuse and exploitation’. To my amazement I was asked by the other organisation to consider removing this clause as it could be seen as protecting farm animals and this might be problematic for their members!  So here again the eco blinkers are up and the total failure to see the ‘bigger’ picture emerges once more. The plight of animals and their exploitation is conveniently forgotten. Well needless to say there is no way that my charity is giving up its modest clause on animal protection.  One anti-vegetarian argument that crops up again and again with environmentalists is the ‘organic’ one. ‘*I only eat organically produced meat’* you will here them cry. The logic being that it is perfectly alright to exploit, abuse and slaughter animals so long as those animals are fed on an organic diet free of chemicals and drugs.  There is a companion argument to this which is based on ‘self-sufficiency’ and goes something along the lines of . *‘I want to be organically self-sufficient, grow my own vegetables, rear my own farm animals, look after them well and go on to slaughter, cook and eat them.’* Well there are a very small minority of people who have achieved this aim but for most people who expound this argument it is an ideal which they can never achieve and is used as a excuse to carry on eating meat until they can realise their dream in some far off fantasy future. Such people may well purchase the occasional organic hunk of dead animal that has been nurtured on a chemical free diet but the majority of their meat products will still come from the supermarket shelves along with the rest of the UK population.  So how do we as vegetarians counter these arguments? Well actually it is not too difficult as those important issues both global and local which are so dear to the environmentalists heart all form part of the argument for vegetarianism. So let us have a look at these issues and the ways in which we can gently introduce the environmental benefits of becoming vegetarian.  **Protection of the natural environment.**    Most important here is the effect that farming has on the natural environment through over fertilisation through excessive use of nitrates and of course the effluent and transport problems caused by factory farming. The UK has over 200 million farm animals (that’s poultry, pigs, cattle and sheep). The majority of these animals are kept in intensive or semi-intensive production units. These animals are fed high nutrient food to achieve high productivity. As a result of this demand for animal feed over three quarters of UK agricultural land is given over to animal feed production or grazing. The effluent produced by these animals in the relatively small area of land that they occupy become pollutants in the general environment. There is a direct link between the demand for high productivity meat production and environmental pollution.  **Third world economies.**  EU production and consumption of selected protein-rich raw materials for animal feed 1995/96 (1000 tonnes of protein). Source: European Parliament, 1999  raw material | protein production | protein consumption | % consumption grown in Europe |
 | soya (seed+cake) | 345 | 11554 | 3% |
 | sunflower(seed+cake) | 538 | 1401 | 38% |
 | rapeseed | 1551 |  | 77% |
 | legumes | 803 | 1122 | 72% |
 | fishmeal | 369 | 794 | 47%    Looking at the slide we see the amount of home produce protein (2nd Column) Actual consumption (3rd Column) and in the third column the % actually grown in Europe.  The European parliament has stated that ‘Europe can feed its people but not its animals’. Europe imports 70% of its protein for animal feed this is on top of using large proportions of its own arable land. Much of these imported feedstuffs come from countries suffering from poverty or environmental degradation. 95% of world soyabean production is used for animal feed. In the UK, 39% of our wheat, 51% of our barley and 75% of our total agricultural land is used to feed animals. Worldwide one third of grain production is used for animal feed.  A report for Friends of the Earth has estimated that in 1995 the UK alone made use of over 4,000 square kilometers of land abroad for growing the soyabeans we imported, over half of them in Brazil. Brazilian smallholders have been displaced to make way for the soyabean plantations and have often moved to the North East of the country, where they may become involved in rainforest destruction.  The EU statistical office showed that in 1997 European Union countries were provided with nearly 90,000 tonnes of sunflower seed and cake by the countries of central and eastern Europe. Senegal and Argentina provided 34,000 tonnes and 81,000 tonnes of groundnut cake respectively. Thailand and Indonesia provided 2.6 million tonnes of cassava (a cereal substitute). Indonesia and the Philippines provided over 300,000 tonnes of coconut cake and nearly a million tonnes of palmnut residue was provided by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand together.  In addition to plant-based materials, in 1998 the UK imported 92% of its fishmeal, mostly from non-EU countries such as Iceland, Norway, Peru and Chile.    **Water Shortage**    Much of the water used for agriculture is not recoverable, because it passes through the plants and evaporates from the leaves and stem. Large amounts of water are consumed per hectare of crop. Estimates show that 1 hectare of maize (or corn) requires 4 million litres of water in the growing season while another 2 million litres of water evaporates from the soil. Soyabeans need 4.6 million litres of water per hectare and wheat needs 2.4 million litres per hectare. **(Slide 9)**  **Slide 9:** Quantities of water needed to produce one kg of crop. (Source: Pimentel, 1997) |
 | *Crop* | *Litres water/kg of crop* |
 | Beef | 100,000 |
 | Soyabean | 2,000 |
 | Maize (corn) | 1,400 |
 | Wheat | 900 |
 | Potato | 500      What effect does this have on animal production? Well if we take into account the large amounts of feed that highly productive animals need to eat, it has been calculated that 1 kg of animal protein typically takes 100 times as much water to produce as 1 kg of plant protein. To take the example of beef, the production of 1 kg of beef would need 100 kg of forage and 4 kg of grain. This means that the production of 1 kg of beef takes between 100,000 and 200,000 litres of water, depending on the growing conditions. 87% of the fresh water consumed worldwide is used for agriculture. Clearly meat production is a very inefficient use of water  **Global warming.**  The global warming or ‘greenhouse effect’ is a natural process in which gases in our atmosphere absorb heat radiated from the earth and re-radiate it, preventing the earth from losing all its heat back into space. It is not clear how much global warming is due to emissions of human-generated greenhouse gases (typically carbon dioxide) which increases the natural greenhouse effect but it is certain that we are generating large quantities of greenhouse gases from intensive animal farming.  Animal production involves the emission of carbon dioxide from the use of fossil fuel energy, nitrous oxide emissions from the use of inorganic fertiliser and methane emission from cattle digestion and manure.  All farm animals produce carbon dioxide by normal respiration. The amounts emitted by one animal per year are about 4,000 kg for cattle, 400 kg for sheep and 450 kg for pigs. This compares with about 300 kg for a human being and 5,500 kg for a typical passenger car.  Lists the major pollutants and there effects and the % from agriculture   **Agriculture and pollution**  **Source: Carter *et al*., 1999**  pollutant | environmental impact | % from agriculture |
 | ammonia | acid deposition, nitrate  leaching,eutrophication | 80-90 |
 | nitrous oxide | climate change and damage to ozone layer | 30 |
 | nitric oxide | acid deposition | 2-6 |
 | methane | greenhouse gas | 15 |
 | nitrate | eutrophication of fresh  waters and salt waters,  groundwater contamination,  acidification | 50-60  Methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, although its concentration in the atmosphere is relatively small. It is increasing by almost 1 percent per year. Farm animals and animal manure contribute about 87 million tonnes a year, about 15% of all methane production worldwide.  Nitrous oxide also contributes to the greenhouse effect as well as depleting the ozone layer. A 1994 report estimated that 80% of the current annual increase in nitrous oxide production is due to agriculture. Oxides of nitrogen are also one of the major causes of ‘Acid Rain’.  Ammonia gas is also produced by farming and is responsible for 80% of the total 350 million tonnes released each year in the UK. Ammonia cause nitrate leaching and acid rain.  **Over Fishing**  Aquaculture (Fish farming) is the fastest growing sector of the world food economy, increasing by 11 percent a year. This growth was expected to relieve pressure on ocean fish stocks, most of which are now fished beyond capacity, and to provide a reliable source of food to a world population that adds 78 million people each year.  Paradoxically, new studies show that the increasing trend toward farming carnivorous fish means that many types of aquaculture are contributing to a worldwide collapse of wild fisheries.  Production of a single pound of fish eating species such as shrimp, salmon, tuna or cod demands two to five pounds of wild caught fish that is processed into meal and oil for feeds.  A new study has discovered that traditional aquaculture – which is farming fish that eat plants and bottom muck - is being replaced by modern intensive farming of large, carnivorous fish because overfishing has decimated these fish in the wild. Even in Asia, the ancient home of aquaculture, vegetarian fish like tilapia and carp are now being fed fishmeal and fish oil for faster weight gain and marketability.  So here we have the crazy situation, we are catching fish to feed to fish. So fish farming instead of alleviating over fishing is actually making it much worse.  **Conclusion**  A quote from a passage out of the excellent 1999 CIWF report on Factory Farming and the Environment.  "Animal farming is the most environmentally costly way of feeding the world. The production of animal protein is a highly inefficient use of land and water resources. Farm animals convert plant protein to animal protein with a low efficiency - typically around 30 - 40 % and only 8% in the case of beef production. Four kg of grain fed to a pig produces one kg of pork. An estimate from Cornell University is that the water requirement for beef production is over 50 times as much as for rice production and 100 times as much as for wheat production. The United States Union of Concerned Scientists has concluded that halving the average US household’s meat consumption would reduce food-related land use by 30% and water pollution by 24%. Compassion in World Farming Trust’s recent book, *The Meat Busines*s, argues that global factory farming could lead to environmental and social devastation. In the next two decades the problem of how to feed at least 8 billion people while protecting our natural resources of land, water, air and wild species will become increasingly urgent. The spread of intensive animal farming throughout the world cannot be seen as a sustainable solution."  So here we have it, how can the environmentalist answer these arguments? We have only touched on a few of the reasons why vegetarianism is the natural way forward for anyone concerned with saving the environment. There are many more reasons we could look at and for those who are interested there is a session on Friday to explore this topic further.  So in conclusion, please don’t blame the environmentalists for not being vegetarian, they are doing a good job. It is unfortunate that so many of them are meat eaters but lets keep this in perspective.  So go easy on the environmentalist, introduce your vegetarian reasoning and the environmental argument in a gentle way. Show them that reducing meat consumption or taking up a vegetarian diet is the only certain way of halting the environmental destruction caused by modern animal farming. All the facts are in the vegetarians favour this is one argument we can’t fail to loose. |
 | A note on this archive. The history section of this website is drawn from a body of legacy content originally compiled by John Davis, former manager of the International Vegetarian Union. It represents his curation of historical material, and in places includes passages written by him directly.  Over the years, the IVU website has migrated between several different hosting servers. In the course of these migrations, a number of PDF files were unfortunately lost, and **some links to PDF documents may no longer function**. Where this is the case, we have chosen to leave the original link text in place, as it may itself carry information of historical value.  - Hits: 1318    ###  1957 World Vegetarian Congress   - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-index.html) - [1957 World Vegetarian Congress: Souvenir Book](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-1957-congress-wvc57-souvenir-index.html)      - [History of IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html)      ###  Vegetarian Congresses: Main Archive   - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [1847 England Physiological and Vegetarian Conference](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1847-index.html) - [1850 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1850-index.html) - [1890 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1890-index.html) - [1893 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1893-index.html) - [1897 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1897-index.html) - [1900 International Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1900-index.html) - [1908 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc08-index.html) - [1909 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc09-index.html) - [1910 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc10-index.html) - [1926 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc26-index.html) - [1932 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc32-index.html) - [1935 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc35-index.html) - [1938 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc38-index.html) - [1947 World Vegetarian Congress](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-wvc47-index.html) - [1949 American Vegetarian Convention](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-1949na-index.html) - 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[Famous Vegetarians: People Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-people-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Film and Television](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-index.html) - [Vegetarian Actors in Bollywood](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-bollywood.html) - [European Vegetarian Actors](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-actors-europe.html) - [Vegetarian Television Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-tv-index.html) - [Vegetarian Radio Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-radio-index.html) - [Vegetarian Models and Fashion Designers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-models-index.html) - [Vegetarian Rock and Pop Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-index.html) - [Vegetarian Classical, Jazz, Folk and Country Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-classic.html) - [Vegetarian Punk, Hip-Hop and Reggae Musicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-music-punk.html) - [Vegetarian Politicians and Activists](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-politics-index.html) - [Vegetarian Sports Personalities](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-sports-index.html) - [Vegetarian Writers, Artists, Poets and Philosophers](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-index.html) - [Vegetarian Religious Leaders and Mystics](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-religious.html) - [Vegetarian Scientists and Physicians](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-writers-scientists.html) - [Vegetarian Quotations and Poetry](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-people-quotes-index.html) - [Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-music.html) - [Classical Music and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-classical.html) - [Jazz and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-jazz.html) - [Rock and Pop: Bands, Musicians and Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-rock.html) - [Rock and Pop: Historical Directory Version](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-music-all.html) - [Creative Writing and Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-writers-creative.html) - [Creative Writing: Historical Influences Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-people-culture-history-influences.html)      ###  2000 Toronto Congress Archive   - [2000 World Vegetarian Congress: Toronto](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-pics-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Host Association Reports](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-tva-index.html) - [2000 Toronto Congress: Vegetarian About.com Report](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2000-congress-2000-vac-index.html)      ###  Vegetarian Societies and IVU History   - [History of Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu.html) - [History of the International Vegetarian Union](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-ivu-index.html) - [Vegetarian Societies: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-index.html) - [International Vegetarian Meetings Before IVU](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-pre-ivu.html) - [Vegetarian Society UK: Historical Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-vs.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in the United Kingdom](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-united-kingdom.html) - [US Vegetarian Societies: 1837-1908](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-history-societies-usa.html) - [North American Vegetarian Societies and IVU](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-northam-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-societies-latin-america.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in Africa](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-africa-history.html) - [Vegetarian Societies in South and West Asia](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-swasia-history.html) - [Indian Vegetarian Societies](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-swasia-india-history.html) - [IVU Fellows: Historical Directory](https://ivu.org/hv-societies-ivu-members-council-fellows.html)      ###  Vegetarian History: Timelines and Eras   - [Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-timeline-index.html) - [Ancient Vegetarian History Timeline](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-ancient.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1400-1800](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-pre-1800.html) - [Vegetarian History Timeline: 1800-1888](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-19a.html) - [International Vegetarianism: 1889-1907](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1900.html) - [IVU and Vegetarianism: Early 20th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-timeline-1908.html) - [Vegetarianism in Ancient Greece and Rome](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-greece-rome-index.html) - [Ancient India and Eastern Vegetarian Traditions](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-east-index.html) - [Asia and Pacific Vegetarian History up to 1900](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-east-index2.html) - [Europe: Middle Ages to the 17th Century](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-renaissance-index.html) - [European Vegetarian History: 18th Century](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-europe18.html) - [Food in England Since 1066](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-renaissance-food-england.html) - [England: Early 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-england19a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe19b-index.html) - [Europe: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20a-index.html) - [Europe: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-europe20b-index.html) - [North America: 18th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/hv-timelines-eras-history-northam18-index.html) - [USA: 19th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-usa19-index.html) - [North America: Early 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20a-index.html) - [North America: Late 20th-Century Vegetarianism](https://ivu.org/history-of-ivu/hv-general-history-northam20b-index.html)      ###  2008 Dresden Congress Archive   - [2008 World Vegetarian Congress: Dresden](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-texts-index.html) - [Illustrated History of IVU Congresses: 1908-2008](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-main-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html) - [2008 Dresden Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2008-congress-2008-index-old.html)      ###  2006 Goa Congress Archive   - [2006 World Vegetarian Congress: Goa](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Lecture Texts](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-texts-index.html) - [2006 Goa Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2006-congress-2006-jdphotos-index.html)      ###  2004 Brazil Congress Archive   - [2004 World Vegetarian Congress: Florianopolis](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Speakers and Food Demonstrators](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-speakers-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Lectures](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-lectures-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Reports and Comments](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-reports-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Cruelty-Free Fashion Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-fashion-index.html) - [2004 Congress: Rio Grande do Sul Tour Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-photos-postcong1-index.html) - [2004 Brazil Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2004-congress-2004-index-old.html)      ###  Vegan Recipes   - [![Soy Sauce Soup (Jiàngyóu Tang)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/soysauce-soup_0d55bf51adc357cd3168c5421a914c8a.jpg "Soy Sauce Soup (Jiàngyóu Tang)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/soy-sauce-soup-jiangyou-tang.html "Soy Sauce Soup (Jiàngyóu Tang)")           ####  [Soy Sauce Soup (Jiàngyóu Tang)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/soy-sauce-soup-jiangyou-tang.html "Soy Sauce Soup (Jiàngyóu Tang)")            [Chinese](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/chinese.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) - ####  [Vegan Omelet with Black Salt](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/vegan-omelet-with-black-salt.html "Vegan Omelet with Black Salt")            [Breakfast and brunch](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/breakfast-and-brunch.html) [France](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/france.html) - [![Yetakelt W'et (Spicy Mixed Vegetable Stew)](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/yetakelt-w-et--spicy-mixed-vegetable-stew--1775263694_ae32bc566aa93a7f55dc2c08a6eb6449.jpg "Yetakelt W'et (Spicy Mixed Vegetable Stew)")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/yetakelt-wet-spicy-mixed-vegetable-stew.html "Yetakelt W'et (Spicy Mixed Vegetable Stew)")           ####  [Yetakelt W'et (Spicy Mixed Vegetable Stew)](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/item/yetakelt-wet-spicy-mixed-vegetable-stew.html "Yetakelt W'et (Spicy Mixed Vegetable Stew)")            [Main course](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/main-course-for-lunch-and-dinner.html) [Ethiopia](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/ethiopian.html) [Soups](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/soup.html) [African](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/front-page/category/african.html)       ###  VFA Blog   - [![You are what you eat](https://ivu.org/media/zoo/images/you_are_what_you_eat_312c477d2ffe64f6f01e0556941e9fc4.jpg "You are what you eat")](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/your-are-what-you-eat.html "You are what you eat")           ####  [You are what you eat](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/your-are-what-you-eat.html "You are what you eat")                - [Read more](https://ivu.org/vegan-recipes-around-the-world/vegan-food-academy/blog-front-page/item/your-are-what-you-eat.html)       ###  Science   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html)     [ Rapid global phaseout of animal agriculture has the potential to stabilize greenhouse gas levels for 30 years](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/207-rapid-global-phaseout-of-animal-agriculture-has-the-potential-to-stabilize-greenhouse-gas-levels-for-30-years.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html)     [ Animal Agriculture and Climate change a Qualitative holistic note](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/206-animal-agriculture-and-climate-change-a-qualitative-holistic-note.html) Popular - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html)     [ Environmental Impact of Two Plant Based Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets The Vegan Diet vs the Mediterranean Diet](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/science/202-environmental-impact-of-two-plant-based-isocaloric-and-isoproteic-diets-the-vegan-diet-vs-the-mediterranean-diet.html) Popular            ###  History     [ ![Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/0f49c89d1e7298bb9930789c8ed59d48.jpg)    Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/283-taiwans-climate-legislation-embraces-plant-based-eating.html "Taiwan's climate legislation embraces plant based eating")       [ ![Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/6a9aeddfc689c1d0e3b9ccc3ab651bc5.jpg)    Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022 Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/282-chinese-dietary-guidelines-2022-guideline-4-eat-fish-poultry-eggs-and-lean-meat-in-moderation.html "Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022   Guideline 4 Eat fish poultry eggs, and lean meat in moderation")       [ ![Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference](https://ivu.org/joomlatools-files/docman-images/generated/e3796ae838835da0b6f6ea37bcf8bcb7.jpg)    Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No 297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference                ](https://ivu.org/international-vegetarian-union/resources/history/vegan-nutrition-history/281-reply-to-proposal-no-4748-agriculture-and-water-conservancy-category-no-297-of-the-third-session-of-the-13th-national-committee-of-the-chinese-peoples-political-consultative-conference.html "Reply to Proposal No 4748 (Agriculture and Water Conservancy Category No  297) of the Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People´s Political Consultative Conference")                              ###  2002 Edinburgh Congress Archive   - [2002 World Vegetarian Congress: Edinburgh](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-program-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Talks and Recipes](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-texts-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Photo Gallery](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-photos-index.html) - [2002 Edinburgh Congress: Jeff's Journal](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-journal-index.html) - [2002 Congress: Edinburgh and Scotland Travel Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-congress-2002-congress-2002-scotland-index.html)      - <a href="">Archives by Language </a>     - [Chinese People Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Traditional Chinese (Big5)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-big5.html)     - [Chinese People Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-index-gb.html)     - [Chinese Writers Archive: Simplified Chinese (GB)](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-chinese-people-writers-index-gb.html)     - [French Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-people-index.html)     - [French IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-news-magazine.html)     - [French 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-french-congress-2008-index.html)     - [German IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-news-magazine.html)     - [German 2008 Congress: Historical Materials](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-index-old.html)     - [German Illustrated IVU Congress History](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-ivuhistory-index.html)     - [German 2008 Dresden Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-german-congress-2008-program.html)     - [Italian Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-people-index.html)     - [Italian IVU Magazine Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-news-magazine.html)     - [Italian 1997 European Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-euro97-index.html)     - [Italian 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Italian 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-italian-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Portuguese 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-portuguese-congress-2008-index.html)     - [Spanish Famous Vegetarians Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-people-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-index.html)     - [Spanish 1999 Thailand Congress Programme](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-thai99-program-program.html)     - [Spanish 2008 Dresden Congress Archive](https://ivu.org/hv-language-archives-group/hv-language-archives-spanish-congress-2008-index.html)        ###  Download the Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet for Kids and Adolescents   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)     [ vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/117-vegetarian-nutrition-booklet-for-kids-and-adolescents.html) Popular               7676 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html)     [ Booklet IVU portugues web](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/122-booklet-ivu-portugues-web.html) Popular               7319 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html)     [ Nutrition Guide for Students (with Khmer Translation)](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/123-nutrition-guide-for-students-with-khmer-translation.html) Popular               6052 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html)     [ ベジタリアン・ヴィーガン栄養ガイド](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/130-2023-05-03-18-17-13.html) Popular               5524 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html)     [ BROȘURA DE NUTRIȚIE VEGETARIANĂ - Romanian](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/124-vegetarian-nutritie-cartea-pentru-copii-si-adolescenti.html) Popular               5040 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html)     [ CARTEL DE NUTRICIÓN VEGETARIANA](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/kids-booklet/131-cartel-de-nutricion-vegetariana.html) Popular               4558 downloads            ###  Nutrition   - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html)     [ What are the best sources of protein Introducing the BPI Score](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/294-what-are-the-best-sources-of-protein-introducing-the-bpi-score.html) Popular               603 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html)     [ 2024 The OMNIVEG STUDY Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men A controlled crossover trial](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/250-2024-the-omniveg-study-health-outcomes-of-shifting-from-a-traditional-to-a-vegan-mediterranean-diet-in-healthy-men-a-controlled-crossover-trial.html) Popular               2782 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html)     [ Plant Based Nutrition Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/205-plant-based-nutrition-exploring-health-benefits-for-atherosclerosis-chronic-diseases-and-metabolic-syndrome-a-comprehensive-review.html) Popular               3834 downloads - [ pdf ](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html)     [ 2024 Plant and Animal Fat Intake and Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Main Folder All Cause Mortality](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutrition-articles/health-nutrition/204-2024-plant-and-animal-fat-intake-and-overall-and-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-main-folder-all-cause-mortality.html) Popular               4052 downloads                                ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/02/adult-guide-029d8cad.png)### The International Vegetarian Union’s Vegan Nutrition Guide for Adults  In 2 versions:  - [For healthcare professionals](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/the-international-vegetarian-union-s-vegan-nutrition-guide-for-adults-healthcare-professionals.html) - [General Public Edition](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide/guide-for-non-healthcare-professionals.html)    [Get it now](https://ivu.org/nutrition/nutritional-guide.html)         ![](https://ivu.org/images/banners/booklet2.jpg)### Vegetarian Nutrition Booklet A Dietary Approach to Vegetarianism for Kids and Adolescents  The intention of this booklet is present to kids and adolescents a healthy vegan diet    [Read more](https://ivu.org/nutrition/vegetarian-nutrition-book-for-kids-and-adolescents.html)                 Vegan Nutrition            ![](https://ivu.org/media/yootheme/cache/a6/logo_IVU_01_SLOGAN-a678b962.png)               ### Presidents, Chair and Council  - [IVU President and Chair of the International Council](https://ivu.org/ivu-chair.html) - [IVU Honorary President](https://ivu.org/ivu-honorary-president.html) - 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